贵州典型饮用水源地农药面源污染迁移与水质响应模型研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 07:26

【摘要】：本课题通过查阅文献、实地调研、实验分析和模拟法等,依托水质分析技术、DEM技术、GIS技术等多学科技术交叉支撑。对贵州集中式饮用水源地研究,建立科学的水质分析实验方法,定量和定性的分析农药面源污染的污染负荷、迁移途径,以红枫湖作为模型原型,建立水质响应模型,识别污染物关键控制区域。具体内容如下:(1)对贵州省水源地相关资料收集与农药使用现状调研,研究了集中式饮用水源地,水厂供水现状与净水工艺,水环境质量,土地利用类型、农药施用等相关内容。(2)本研究通过实验方法比选、方案优化多次试验,建立水环境中多种农药残留的检测方法。草甘膦农药指标采用离子色谱法检测分析方法,毒死蜱农药指标采用气相色谱法,气相色谱/质普联用技术(GC/MS)同时检测水样中多种有机氯农药。大部分农药平均加标回收率70.78%-103%,相对标准偏差13.4%。各方法操作简单、准确度高、灵敏度高、分析速度快适用于贵州省含微污染物地表水农药残留的检测。(3)贵州省集中式饮用水源地水体中农药主要以HCHs、甲氰菊酯、三唑酮、百菌清、腐霉利农药为主,农药浓度水平在0.011μg/L~193.046μg/L之间。在空间上,红枫湖农药污染种类、污染量最多,松柏山水库与花溪水库检出最少。在时间上,污染浓度整体呈现,枯水期(12月、1月)丰水期(8月、9月)枯水期(3月、4月)。(4)以红枫湖为研究对象,利用RS与GIS技术,结合流域DEM和TM遥感影像图,由ArcGIS软件提取高程、坡度、覆被植物等相关信息,将红枫湖划分成4个小尺度流域,模型模拟后认为,a流域耕地面积广、坡度20%、侵蚀程度高的桃花园河区域,是关键污染控制区,降雨径流对小流域农药面源污染水平有较大的影响。
[Abstract]:This subject relies on the cross support of water quality analysis technology, DEM technology, GIS technology and so on through consulting literature, field investigation, experimental analysis and simulation. Based on the study of the centralized drinking water source in Guizhou province, a scientific experimental method of water quality analysis was established, and the pollution load and migration path of pesticide non-point source pollution were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The response model of water quality was established with Hongfeng Lake as the model prototype. Identify critical control areas for pollutants. The specific contents are as follows: (1) the collection of relevant data and the status quo of pesticide use in water sources of Guizhou Province were investigated, and the centralized drinking water sources, water supply status and water purification technology, water environment quality, land use types were studied. Pesticide application and other related contents. (2) the method of pesticide residue detection in water environment was established by comparison and selection of experimental methods and optimization of several experiments. Glyphosate pesticide index was detected by ion chromatography, chlorpyrifos pesticide index by gas chromatography, gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC/MS) simultaneous detection of a variety of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. The average recoveries of most pesticides were 70.78 and 103, and the relative standard deviation was 13.4. Each method has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy and high sensitivity, and is suitable for the determination of pesticide residues in surface water containing micro-pollutants in Guizhou province. (3) HCHs, methanthrin and triazolone are the main pesticides in the water of centralized drinking water source in Guizhou Province. The concentration of chlorothalonil was between 0.011 渭 g/L~193.046 渭 g / L and 0.011 渭 g/L~193.046. In space, the species of pesticide pollution in Hongfeng Lake is the most, and the pollution amount is the least in Songbai Mountain Reservoir and Huaxi Reservoir. In time, the pollution concentration was presented as a whole. In the dry season (December, January), the high water season (August, September) and the dry season (March, April). (4) were used to study Hongfeng Lake. The remote sensing images of DEM and TM were combined with the techniques of RS and GIS. The Hongfeng Lake was divided into four small scale watershed by ArcGIS software, such as elevation, slope, mulching plant, etc. After the model simulation, it was concluded that a watershed has a wide cultivated area, a gradient of 20, and a high degree of erosion in the Taohuayuan River area. It is a key pollution control area, and rainfall runoff has a great influence on the pollution level of pesticides in small watershed.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.15

【参考文献】