电渗析预处理用于水中溶解性有机卤的检测方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:13

【摘要】：给水厂末端常规消毒工艺产生的消毒副产物(DBPs)具有致畸、致癌和致突变等效应,对人类健康构成严重威胁。但是DBPs含量仅占溶解性有机卤(DOX)的30%左右,大量未知的DOX有待研究。然而,国内外现有DOX检测标准利用活性炭分离DOX和无机卤(DIX)可能造成有机物流失和还原等问题,导致DOX检测准确性降低。为了解决以上问题,本课题使用电渗析作为DOX与DIX的分离装置,通过研究电渗析过程中DIX去除的影响因素及DOX的保留效果等内容,减少DOX检测误差,为DOX的检测提供一种操作简单、试验条件要求低和经济实惠的方法。电渗析过程中负一价卤素离子去除影响研究表明:随着电压从0 V增加到30 V,卤素离子去除率从13%达到100%。V/S值从6 cm降到1.7 cm,无机卤素去除率从38%升高到100%。在1和10 mg/L的初始浓度条件下,负一价卤素离子在90 min时的去除率均可达98%以上。不同杂质离子存在条件下,多价态杂质离子比一价态杂质离子对氟离子去除影响严重。卤素离子去除最佳试验条件为电压30 V、V/S为1.7 cm、电解质为0.1 mol/L的碳酸氢钠溶液、流速5 m L/min、铝板、异相离子交换膜、运行时间90 min。电渗析过程中有机物保留率效果研究表明:苯酚类有机物的平均保留率为83%,且2,4,6-三卤苯酚的保留率低于对卤苯酚的保留率。卤甲烷类有机物平均保留率为77%,卤乙腈类有机物平均保留率为93%,卤乙酸类有机物平均保留率小于5%。CH3不改变苯酚的保留率,邻位F取代可使苯酚保留率减少9%。电渗析过程中,流失的对氟苯酚有2/3吸附在膜上,1/3透过膜;流失的乙酸全部吸附在膜上。DIX与DOX混合时DOX保留效果研究表明:随着DIX/TX从0增大到0.9和DOX浓度从10 mg/L降低到2 mg/L,DOX保留率受DIX的影响程度在增加。实际水体中有机物的保留率为60%~90%,自来水、湖水和废水中有机物的保留情况不受外加1和10 mg/L卤素离子的影响,空气水在外加卤素离子浓度为10 mg/L条件下有机物的保留率降低了10%,增加1和10 mg/L卤素离子使雨水中的有机物保留率降低了10%~15%。
[Abstract]:The disinfection by-product (DBPs) produced by the conventional disinfection process at the end of the water plant has teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, which pose a serious threat to human health. However, the content of DBPs is only about 30% of the dissolved organic halogen (DOX), a large number of unknown DOX need to be studied. However, the existing DOX detection standards at home and abroad using activated carbon to separate DOX and inorganic halogen (DIX) may lead to the loss and reduction of organic matter, which leads to the reduction of the accuracy of DOX detection. In order to solve the above problems, this paper uses electrodialysis as the separation device of DOX and DIX. By studying the influence factors of DIX removal and the retention effect of DOX in the process of electrodialysis, the detection error of DOX is reduced. To provide a simple operation, low test conditions and economical method for DOX detection. The study on the effect of negative monovalent halogen ion removal during electrodialysis shows that with the increase of voltage from 0 V to 30 V, the removal rate of halogen ions decreases from 13% to 100%.V/S from 6 cm to 1.7 cm, and the removal rate of inorganic halogen increases from 38% to 100%. Under the initial concentration of 1 and 10 mg/L, the removal rate of negative monovalent halogen ions can reach over 98% at 90 min. In the presence of different impurity ions, the effect of multivalent impurity ions on fluoride removal is more serious than that of monovalent impurity ions. The optimum test conditions for halogen ion removal are as follows: voltage 30 V / S = 1.7 cm, electrolyte = 0.1 mol/L sodium bicarbonate solution, flow rate 5 mL / min, aluminum plate, heterogeneous ion exchange membrane, operating time 90 min. The results showed that the average retention rate of phenolic compounds was 833, and the retention rate of 2C4C6- trihalophenol was lower than that of halogenated phenol. The average retention rate of halogenated organic compounds was 77 and that of halogen acetonitrile was 93. The average retention rate of haloacetic acid was less than that of 5%.CH3 without changing the retention rate of phenol. During electrodialysis, the loss of p-fluorophenol was 2 / 3 adsorbed on the membrane and 1 / 3 through the membrane. When DIX and DOX were mixed, the retention efficiency of DOX increased with the increase of DIX/TX from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The effect of DIX on the retention rate of DOX was increased with the increase of DIX/TX concentration from 0 to 0.9 and the decrease of DOX concentration from 10 mg/L to 2 mg/L,DOX. The retention rate of organic matter in the actual water was 60 and 90. The retention of organic matter in tap water, lake water and wastewater was not affected by the addition of 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions. The retention rate of organic matter in air water decreased by 10% when the concentration of halogen ion was 10 mg/L, and the retention rate of organic matter in Rain Water was decreased by 10% and 10 mg/L after adding 1 and 10 mg/L halogen ions.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2

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