基于3S技术的湖南省平江县景观格局分析及景观生态规划研究

发布时间：2018-11-25 11:53

【摘要】：本文运用了“3S”集成技术解译了1990、1998、和2006、2014年四个时相的Landsat-TM及Landsat-ETM遥感影像,并对平江县1990——2014年的景观格局特征和动态变化进行了分析并对其驱动机制进行了讨论；根据县域景观格局优化和规划的一般原则,对平江县景观生态规划的问题进行了探讨,本文在研究过程中得到的主要结论有：(1)从类型水平上看,建筑类型、林地类型斑块呈持续增长趋势,分别由1990年4371.41、212842.98 hm2增长至2014年的11238.66、257621.04 hm2；水田、旱田、草地、水域、裸地类型斑块在整体上呈减少趋势,分别由1990年的81987.85、26479.79、56498.04、18500.16、9741.94 hm2降低至2014年的65402.34、22839.03、38243.03、13036.51、2609.82 hm2。这其中,建筑类型面积增加最为显著,同比增长了157.1%；裸地类型面积减少最为明显,同比减少73.2%；最主要的景观类型则是林地类型。(2)从景观水平上看,1990年、1998年、2006年、2014年香农多样性指数分别是1.5591、1.3286、1.1855、1.2247,其中1990年-1998年这8a时间内的香农多样性指数变化量最大,受人工干扰程度也最大。在2006-2014这8a时间内,香农多样性指数有所提升,说明受人类活动干扰程度有所降低,研究区总体景观格局是呈可持续发展的趋势。(3)影响景观格局变化的驱动力主要是人口增长、城镇化水平提高；生产技术进步、农业机械化水平提高、农业产业结构调整,特别是以长石开采为代表的典型人为扰动。(4)根据平江县景观格局分析结果,结合县域内自然条件、社会发展实际,提出了平江县景观生态规划建议。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the remote sensing images of Landsat-TM and Landsat-ETM in 1990 / 1998, 2006 and 2014 are interpreted by using "3s" integrated technology. The landscape pattern characteristics and dynamic changes of Pingjiang County from 1990 to 2014 are analyzed and its driving mechanism is discussed. According to the general principles of landscape pattern optimization and planning in county area, the problems of landscape ecological planning in Pingjiang County are discussed. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) from type level, architectural type, The pattern of woodland patches showed an increasing trend, from 4371.41mb 212842.98 hm2 in 1990 to 11238.6mb 257621.04 hm2; in 2014. The patches of paddy field, dry field, grassland, water area and bare land showed a decreasing trend as a whole, from 81987.85 ~ 26479.79 ~ (9) ~ 56498.04 ~ 18500.16 ~ 9741.94 hm2 in 1990 to 65402.34 ~ 22839.0 ~ 22839.0 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ 3 ~ (-1) ~ (1) ~ 2609.82 hm2. in 2014, respectively. Among them, the area of building type increased the most, increasing 157.1%, the area of bare land type decreased most obviously, it decreased 73.2% from the same period last year. The most important landscape type is forest land. (2) at landscape level, the Shannon Diversity Index in 1990, 1998, 2006 and 2014 is 1.5591 / 1.3286 / 1.1855 / 5 / 1.2247, respectively. The Shannon diversity index changed the most in 1990-1998, and the degree of artificial disturbance was the biggest. The Shannon Diversity Index increased during the 8-year period 2006-2014, indicating a decrease in the degree of interference from human activities. The overall landscape pattern of the study area is a trend of sustainable development. (3) the main driving force influencing the change of landscape pattern is population growth and the level of urbanization is improved; The progress of production technology, the improvement of agricultural mechanization, the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, especially the typical man-made disturbance represented by feldspar mining. (4) according to the analysis results of landscape pattern in Pingjiang County, combined with the natural conditions in the county area, Social development reality, put forward Pingjiang County landscape ecological planning proposals.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU986;P901

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