公共服务视角下的当代中国档案馆开放性设计策略研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 07:16

【摘要】：进入新世纪,在由管理型向服务型的政府范式转型中,我国档案馆从有限利用向开放利用转变,公共服务成为档案馆的时代主题:服务对象由政府机构向公众拓展;服务客体由文书档案向经济、科学、文化、艺术、民生档案等延伸;服务理念由档案保密管理向开放共享转变。公共服务视角下的当代中国档案馆的社会关系、社会职能、运营理念都有别于传统档案馆,如何让公众走进档案馆,利用档案是档案馆发展面临的新问题。至此,城市中档案馆建设的语境以及价值取向都已经发生了巨大的变化,档案馆设计需要从传统建筑类型定义中解放出来,档案馆设计的命题不应再拘泥于保存和利用这两者之间的调和。面对新的环境和问题,当代中国档案馆亟需一套涵盖从城市整体到建筑个体、从建设策划到运营模式、从功能定位到空间组织等领域的系统而综合的设计思维。文章以一个全新视角——公共服务,来审视当代中国档案馆发展与建筑设计。通过对“公共服务”的解读,以及部分国内外档案馆发展历史、现状的比较、分析和综合,充分认识到档案馆基于公共服务开展而产生的各种转变以及一种全新的发展趋势——开放性发展:基于服务对象开放,从简单社会关系向网络化社会关系发展;基于服务客体开放,从单一社会职能向多元化社会职能拓展;基于服务理念开放,从单纯保密管理向开放性运营理念转变。继而,以整体观、适应性、协同论为理论支撑,寻找并梳理出档案馆开放性发展趋势对档案馆建筑设计的作用点与作用机制,并提出一种新的档案馆设计思维与策略——开放性设计策略,及其三大组成部分:建设模式开放性策划、建筑功能开放性拓展、建筑空间开放性建构,开放性是贯穿三者的核心思维。通过以上“提出—分析—解决”问题的研究路线,实现了从公共服务理论到档案馆开放性发展,继而档案馆开放性设计策略建构的逐层推进,并在文章结尾对档案馆的发展进行展望。需要注意的是,档案馆的开放性设计并不是对传统封闭性(档案保存)的抛弃或颠覆,而是基于公共服务开展(保存与利用并举),在新时期对传统设计理论与方法的一种更新。文章聚焦于因“档案利用”而来的对外服务功能空间拓展与开放,以及这种开放对档案馆建筑整体的影响;基于档案保存而来的库房、业务技术用房与办公室等不在开放性探讨范畴内,仍需适度封闭。故此,开放性设计策略是在现有档案馆设计理论以及思维方法上的继承加创新,并期望能为档案馆在当代以及未来的运营和设计实践中提供一定的借鉴和指导。
[Abstract]:In the new century, in the transformation from management-oriented to service-oriented government paradigm, the archives of our country have changed from limited utilization to open utilization, and public service has become the theme of the archives: the objects of service are expanded from government institutions to the public; The object of service is extended from document archives to economic, scientific, cultural, artistic and livelihood archives, and the service concept is changed from file secrecy management to open sharing. From the perspective of public service, the social relations, social functions and operational concepts of contemporary Chinese archives are different from those of traditional archives. How to let the public into archives and how to use archives is a new problem facing the development of archives. So far, great changes have taken place in the context and value orientation of archives construction in the city. Archives design needs to be liberated from the definition of traditional architectural types. The proposition of archives design should no longer be confined to the harmony between preservation and utilization. In the face of the new environment and problems, the contemporary Chinese archives urgently need a set of systematic and comprehensive design thinking covering the fields from the whole city to the individual architecture, from the construction planning to the operation mode, from the function orientation to the space organization and so on. This paper examines the development and architectural design of contemporary Chinese archives from a new perspective-public service. Through the interpretation of "public service", as well as the comparison, analysis and synthesis of the development history and present situation of some archives at home and abroad, Fully realize that archives based on public services and the development of various changes and a new trend of development-open development: based on the opening of service objects, from simple social relations to network social relations development; Based on the opening of service object, expanding from a single social function to a pluralistic social function; based on the opening of the concept of service, from a purely confidential management to an open concept of operation. Then, based on the theory of holistic view, adaptability and cooperation, the author tries to find out the application and mechanism of the opening development trend of archives to the architectural design of archives. And put forward a new design thinking and strategy of archives-open design strategy, and its three major components: open planning of construction mode, open expansion of architectural function, open construction of architectural space. Openness is the core thinking that runs through the three. Through the above research route of "proposing, analyzing and solving" problems, it realizes the development from the theory of public service to the opening of archives, and then promotes the construction of open design strategies of archives one by one. At the end of the article, the development of archives is prospected. It should be noted that the open design of archives is not the abandonment or subversion of the traditional closed nature (archives preservation), but is based on public services (both preservation and utilization). In the new period to the traditional design theory and method of an update. The article focuses on the expansion and opening of the external service function space due to the "archives utilization", and the impact of the opening on the whole building of the archives. The storehouse, technical room and office, which are based on the archives, are not open to discussion, but still need to be closed moderately. Therefore, the open design strategy is the inheritance and innovation in the design theory and thinking method of the existing archives, and it is expected to provide some reference and guidance for the archives in the contemporary and future operation and design practice.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU242.3

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