建筑围护结构等效热工参数现场测试方法研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 08:21

【摘要】：针对当前建筑围护结构能耗检测传统方法和手段存在的诸多限制和弊端,提出了一种对建筑围护结构整体的能耗特性进行检测的方法。该方法关注建筑围护结构整体隔热性能,而不是以往单纯对围护结构传热系数的检测。以室内外温度的相关系数和方差为基本的理论依据,将相关系数和方差比作为评价建筑围护结构能耗大小的等效热工参数指标。通过室外环境温度和室内温度之间的相关系数和方差比,不仅能够衡量不同建筑围护结构的隔热效果和能耗大小,而且还可以评价相同建筑围护结构时,空调系统的运行质量的优劣。首先建立了一种等效能耗模型,将建筑物复杂围护结构简化成具有单层围护结构的规则立方体。通过对简化围护结构的传热过程的理论分析,提出了两种等效热工参数指标,即相关系数和方差比,并进行了理论推导。结果表明,二者在建筑围护结构隔热效果的检测上具有比较好的一致性。相关系数和方差比的数值越小,建筑围护结构的隔热效果越好；反之,相关系数和方差比的数值越大,建筑围护结构的隔热效果越差。在理论分析基础上,采用数值方法对两种等效热工参数指标进行了模拟,通过计算求得室内外温度时间序列的离散值；再根据统计学原理对其处理,求得相关系数和方差比指标并进行了综合分析。结果验证了理论分析的结论,同时发现方差比相对相关系数具有相对更好的稳定性。在实验室内搭建简化围护结构模型的测试平台,采集封闭空间和外界环境温度数据并处理,可得外界环境温度和封闭空间温度之间的相关系数和方差比。实验结果与数值计算结果基本趋于一致,表明了建筑围护结构等效热工参数测试方法评估建筑围护结构能耗水平是具有可行性的。将该方法拓展应用于南京某医院一幢实际建筑的室内外温度数据,并分别选取空调期和非空调期一个月的温度数据,进行相关系数和方差比处理和比较。结果表明,室内外温度数据相关系数和方差比可以反映空调系统运行质量的高低,相关系数和方差比的数值越小,空调的运行质量就越高；反之,空调运行质量越低。研究结果表明,室内外温度的相关系数和方差比可以作为一种新的能耗指标衡量建筑围护结构的能耗的大小,并且能够对空调系统的运行质量进行评价。
[Abstract]:In view of the limitations and drawbacks of the traditional methods and means of energy consumption detection of building envelope structure, a method for detecting the energy consumption characteristics of building envelope structure is proposed. This method focuses on the overall thermal insulation performance of the building envelope structure, rather than simply testing the heat transfer coefficient of the envelope structure in the past. Based on the correlation coefficient and variance of indoor and outdoor temperature, the correlation coefficient and variance ratio are taken as the equivalent thermal parameters to evaluate the energy consumption of building enclosure. Through the correlation coefficient and variance ratio between outdoor ambient temperature and indoor temperature, not only the heat insulation effect and energy consumption of different building envelope structures can be measured, but also the same building envelope structure can be evaluated. The operation quality of air conditioning system is good and bad. In this paper, an equivalent energy consumption model is established to simplify the complex building envelope structure into a regular cube with a single-layer envelope structure. Based on the theoretical analysis of the heat transfer process of the simplified envelope structure, two kinds of equivalent thermal parameter indexes, namely, correlation coefficient and variance ratio, are put forward, and the theoretical derivation is carried out. The results show that the two methods have good consistency in the detection of thermal insulation effect of building enclosure. The smaller the value of correlation coefficient and variance ratio, the better the thermal insulation effect of building enclosure structure; conversely, the greater the value of correlation coefficient and variance ratio, the worse the thermal insulation effect of building envelope structure. On the basis of theoretical analysis, two kinds of equivalent thermal parameters are simulated by numerical method, and the discrete values of indoor and outdoor temperature time series are obtained by calculation. According to the principle of statistics, the correlation coefficient and variance ratio index are obtained and analyzed synthetically. The results verify the conclusion of the theoretical analysis and show that the variance is more stable than the relative correlation coefficient. The test platform of simplified enclosure structure model is set up in the laboratory, and the data of the enclosed space and the ambient temperature are collected and processed. The correlation coefficient and variance ratio between the ambient temperature and the closed space temperature can be obtained. The experimental results are consistent with the numerical results, which indicates that it is feasible to evaluate the energy consumption level of the building enclosure structure by measuring the equivalent thermal parameters of the building enclosure structure. The method is extended to the indoor and outdoor temperature data of a real building in a hospital in Nanjing, and the temperature data of one month in the air conditioning period and the non air conditioning period are selected, and the correlation coefficient and variance ratio are processed and compared. The results show that the correlation coefficient and variance ratio of indoor and outdoor temperature data can reflect the operating quality of air conditioning system. The smaller the value of correlation coefficient and variance ratio, the higher the quality of air conditioning operation; conversely, the lower the operation quality of air conditioning system. The results show that the correlation coefficient and variance ratio of indoor and outdoor temperature can be used as a new energy consumption index to measure the energy consumption of building enclosure structure, and the operation quality of air conditioning system can be evaluated.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU111.4;TU111.195

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