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基于压电智能骨料的钢管混凝土柱应力监测与损伤诊断

发布时间:2018-12-10 17:34
【摘要】:近年来,随着我国经济的发展,建筑行业发生了翻天覆地的变化,超高层建筑在各大城市一次次被刷新,许多复杂的结构形式也不断涌现,在这些结构形式中,钢管混凝土得到了广泛的应用。正确的评估钢管混凝土在服役过程中各方面的性能是结构能够安全使用的重要保证。对结构性能的评估主要包括三个方面:安全性、适用性和耐久性,具体而言包括构件的承载力、材料的性能、混凝土的龄期和结构在服役过程中的健康监测及损伤诊断等。因此,研发一种能够同时用于结构多方面性能监测的智能传感器具有十分重要的意义。压电陶瓷具有响应速度快、线性关系好、灵敏度高、价格低廉、易加工等特点,并且同时兼具激励和接收的功能,在土木工程领域得到了广泛地研究,具有十分广阔的应用前景。研究钢管混凝土结构在外荷载作用下其内部应力的分布并进行损伤诊断对研究钢管混凝土结构在外界动态荷载作用下的性能具有重要的意义。本文基于压电陶瓷的特性研制了一种高强度智能骨料,用于钢管混凝土柱中内部混凝土的早期强度检测、在动态荷载作用下的应力监测以及损伤诊断。其具体的工作内容主要包括以下几个方面:(1)结合现有智能骨料的特点,提出了一种能够承受高应力的智能骨料。阐述了智能骨料的监测原理、构造方法,并对智能骨料进行了设计和制造,采取正弦加载标定模式和冲击加载标定模式完成了对智能骨料灵敏度的标定,得到了各个智能骨料的灵敏度系数。试验结果表明:荷载作用下各个智能骨料的灵敏度高,输出电荷和输入荷载线性关系良好,标定方式对传感器的灵敏度值影响较小。(2)将研制的压电智能骨料预埋至在钢管混凝土柱的内部,通过监测混凝土浇筑后一个月内传感器采集到的信号,对数据进行分析并与标准的混凝土早期强度检测结果进行对比。分析结果表明,基于压电智能骨料的混凝土早期强度检测结果与标准试验结果相一致,采取该方法能够实现对钢管混凝土的早期强度检测。(3)将早期强度监测的钢管混凝土柱用于本构试验研究,在柱子的外表面中心位置分别沿水平和竖直方向布置应变片,采取试验机对钢管混凝土柱进行加载,记录并分析智能骨料和应变片的输出数据。结合应变片的应力应变曲线,对比分析结果表明,压电智能骨料能够实现对钢管混凝土内部结构应力的监测。(4)对钢管混凝土柱采取逐级加载破坏试验,监测柱子在不同加载水平下的破坏程度,结合幅值分析法和小波包能量分析法对整个破坏过程进行分析,建立了损伤指标与智能骨料输出信号幅值之间的关系。试验结果表明,基于压电智能骨料的损伤监测方法能够实现对钢管混凝土柱的损伤监测。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the economic development of our country, the construction industry has undergone earth-shaking changes, super-tall buildings have been refreshed time and again in major cities, many complex structural forms have been emerging, in these structural forms, Concrete filled steel tube (CFST) has been widely used. Evaluating the performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) in service is an important guarantee for the safe use of the structure. The evaluation of structural performance includes three aspects: safety, applicability and durability, including the bearing capacity of members, the performance of materials, the age of concrete and the health monitoring and damage diagnosis of the structure in service. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an intelligent sensor which can be used to monitor the performance of many aspects of the structure at the same time. Piezoelectric ceramics have the characteristics of fast response, good linear relationship, high sensitivity, low price, easy processing, and have the functions of both excitation and receiving, so it has been widely studied in the field of civil engineering. It has a very broad application prospect. It is of great significance to study the internal stress distribution and damage diagnosis of concrete-filled steel tubular structure under external dynamic loads. Based on the characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, a kind of high strength intelligent aggregate has been developed for early strength detection, stress monitoring and damage diagnosis in concrete filled steel tube columns. The main contents of its work are as follows: (1) according to the characteristics of existing intelligent aggregate, a kind of intelligent aggregate which can withstand high stress is proposed. The monitoring principle and construction method of intelligent aggregate are expounded, and the intelligent aggregate is designed and manufactured. The sensitivity of intelligent aggregate is calibrated by sinusoidal loading calibration mode and impact loading calibration mode. The sensitivity coefficients of each intelligent aggregate are obtained. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of each intelligent aggregate under load is high, and the linear relationship between the output charge and the input load is good. The calibration method has little effect on the sensitivity of the sensor. (2) the piezoelectric intelligent aggregate is embedded in the column of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST), and the signal collected by the sensor within one month after concrete pouring is monitored. The data are analyzed and compared with the standard early strength test results of concrete. The results show that the early strength test results of concrete based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate are consistent with the standard test results. This method can be used to detect the early strength of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST). (3) the CFST columns with early strength monitoring are used in constitutive tests, and strain gauges are arranged along the horizontal and vertical direction at the center of the outer surface of the columns, respectively. The concrete filled steel tube column was loaded by a testing machine, and the output data of intelligent aggregate and strain gauge were recorded and analyzed. According to the stress-strain curve of strain gauge, the results show that piezoelectric intelligent aggregate can monitor the stress of concrete filled steel tube (CFST) internal structure. (4) the failure test of concrete-filled steel tubular column is carried out step by step. The damage degree of columns under different loading levels is monitored. The whole failure process is analyzed by means of amplitude analysis and wavelet packet energy analysis. The relationship between the damage index and the amplitude of output signal of intelligent aggregate is established. The experimental results show that the damage monitoring method based on piezoelectric intelligent aggregate can realize damage monitoring of concrete-filled steel tubular columns.
【学位授予单位】:长江大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:TU398.9

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