PS建筑外墙保温材料燃烧及火蔓延行为研究
发布时间：2018-12-15 14:47
【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,能源问题已经成为制约社会可持续发展的主要因素之一,而建筑能耗逐年攀升,因此建筑节能势在必行,应用保温材料是建筑节能的有效方法。聚苯乙烯(PS)保温材料具有优良的隔热性能,已被广泛应用于建筑外墙保温。实际表明,未经阻燃处理的PS保温材料具有很高的火灾危险性,然而,迄今人们对PS保温材料的燃烧和火灾特性的研究还不够深入全面,特别是该类材料的火灾特性基础数据缺乏,材料自身及外界因素对其火蔓延影响规律不明,缺乏合适的耦合多因素影响的火蔓延理论模型。因此,十分有必要研究多参数影响下PS保温材料的燃烧和火蔓延行为,并建立相关火蔓延理论模型。 本文通过实验研究和理论分析相结合的方法,研究了PS保温材料的燃烧和火蔓延特性规律,并深入分析了倾斜角度、试样宽度、试样厚度、环境压力、辐射热流强度、边墙、外墙凹型结构和防火隔离带对燃烧和火蔓延的影响。通过开展实验,得到PS保温材料燃烧和火蔓延特性参数值,并得到该特性参数值随多影响因素的变化规律。通过理论分析,建立多参数耦合作用的PS保温材料火蔓延模型,得到模型预测值或者预测趋势。最后,将预测结果和实验结果相比较,验证模型的可靠性。 通过开展锥形量热仪测试,得到PS保温材料的燃烧特性数据,在此基础上建立了该材料的辐射点燃模型,该模型可用以修正因PS保温材料受热收缩引起的点燃时间的变化；另外,通过理论分析和实验数据拟合得到PS保温材料点燃时间平方根的倒数与辐射热流强度的线性公式,进一步得到PS保温材料的临界点燃热流。发现了点燃时间、热穿透厚度、热释放速率、有效燃烧热、火势增长指数、总释放热和烟气生成速率随辐射热流强度和试样厚度的变化规律,并分析了其中机理。 实验研究了材料宽度、倾斜角度以及熔融流动对PS保温材料顺流火蔓延的影响规律,并建立了耦合这些影响因素的PS保温材料顺流火蔓延模型。实验发现,当倾斜角度较小时,随着试样宽度增加,火蔓延速度先减后增；然而,当倾斜角度增大到一定值后,火蔓延速度随宽度增加先增后减,该现象可用所建的顺流火蔓延模型进行合理解释。通过实验还得到表面火焰高度、池火特性及预热区长度随材料宽度和倾斜角度的变化规律。 本文研究了防火隔离带对PS保温材料竖直顺流火蔓延的影响,分析了防火隔离带切断火蔓延的机制,建立了数学模型,对一定材料特征长度和隔离带高度工况下,火焰能否越过隔离带蔓延至上方进行了预测。对于大部分工况,预测结果和实验结果相符,通过实验还得到防火隔离带影响下PS保温材料火蔓延温度场。研究了凹型外墙结构下PS保温材料竖直顺流火蔓延特性,并建立了火蔓延预测模型,预测得到随结构因子(边墙宽度和保温材料宽度的比值)增大,无量纲火蔓延速度(凹型结构存在和不存在时蔓延速度的比值)随之增大,但增率呈减小趋势,这与实验结果一致,但预测值略大于实验值。 实验研究了XPS保温材料竖直逆流火蔓延规律及其影响因素。通过改变试样宽度、厚度、边墙结构和环境压力,研究了这些参数对逆流火蔓延的影响规律,得到火焰高度、质量损失速率、材料表面和气-固相温度、熔融物生成速率、火蔓延速度随各影响因素的变化规律。研究发现,逆流火蔓延速度随保温材料厚度增加而增大；无边墙时逆流火蔓延速度随宽度增加先减后增,有边墙时逆流火蔓延速度随宽度持续增大,且有边墙时的逆流火蔓延速度低于无边墙时的；常压地区的蔓延速度大于低压地区。综合实验研究和理论分析,建立了耦合上述影响因素的XPS保温材料竖直逆流火蔓延模型,模型预测得到的火蔓延速度变化趋势和实验结果基本相符。 本文研究成果有助于预测PS外墙保温材料火灾的发展,为评价该材料的火灾风险提供了指导,进一步为PS外墙保温系统的火灾安全设计奠定了理论基础。同时,本研究还在一定程度上发展了火灾科学。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the energy problem has become one of the main factors that restrict the sustainable development of the society, and the energy consumption of the building is increasing year by year, so the building energy efficiency is imperative, and the application of the heat-insulating material is an effective method of building energy-saving. The polystyrene (PS) heat-insulating material has excellent heat-insulating property, and has been widely used in the thermal insulation of the outer wall of the building. The fact that the non-flame-retardant PS thermal insulation material has a high fire risk, however, the research on the combustion and fire characteristics of the PS thermal insulation material has not been thoroughly investigated so far, in particular the lack of the basic data of the fire characteristics of the material, The influence of the material itself and the external factors on the fire spread is unknown, and the fire spread theory model with the influence of the appropriate coupling factors is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion and fire spreading behavior of PS insulation materials under the influence of multi-parameters, and to set up a model of relevant fire spread theory. In this paper, the characteristics of combustion and fire propagation of PS thermal insulation materials are studied by means of experimental research and theoretical analysis, and the inclination angle, specimen width, specimen thickness, ambient pressure, radiant heat flow strength, edge, The shadow of the burning and fire spreading of the wall, the concave structure of the outer wall and the fire-proof isolation belt in response to that experiment, the parameter value of the combustion and fire spread characteristic of the PS thermal insulation material is obtain, and the change rules of the characteristic parameter value with the multi-influence factor are obtained. By means of the theory analysis, the fire spread model of PS thermal insulation material with multi-parameter coupling is established to obtain the model prediction value or the prediction trend. and finally, comparing the prediction result with the experimental result, and verifying the reliability of the model. In this paper, the combustion characteristic data of PS thermal insulation material is obtained by carrying out a cone calorimeter test. On this basis, the radiation ignition model of the material is established. The model can be used to correct the change of the ignition time caused by the heat shrinkage of the PS thermal insulation material. In addition, the linear formula of the inverse of the square root of the ignition time of the PS thermal insulation material and the intensity of the radiant heat flow are obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental data fitting, and the critical point of the PS thermal insulation material is further obtained. The ignition time, the heat penetration thickness, the heat release rate, the effective combustion heat, the fire growth index, the total release heat and the flue gas generation rate are found along with the radiant heat flow strength and the thickness of the sample. In this paper, the influence of the material width, the angle of inclination and the flow of the melt on the spread of the current fire of the PS heat-insulating material is studied in this paper, and the co-flow of the PS heat-insulating material with these factors is established. The results show that, when the angle of inclination is small, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width of the sample. However, when the inclination angle is increased to a certain value, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width, and the phenomenon can be entered by the built-forward fire spreading model. A reasonable explanation is given. The surface flame height, the pool fire characteristic and the length of the preheating zone along with the material width and the inclination angle are also obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the effect of the fire-proof isolation belt on the spread of the vertical and downstream fire of the PS insulation material is studied, the mechanism of the fire-fire spreading of the fire-proof isolation belt is analyzed, the mathematical model is established, and the length and the distance of a certain material are established. The flame can spread over the isolation belt to the height of the belt. The prediction is carried out above. For most of the working conditions, the prediction results are in accordance with the experimental results, and the PS insulation material under the influence of the fireproof isolation belt is obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the propagation characteristic of vertical and downstream fire of PS heat-insulating material under the structure of concave-type exterior wall is studied, and the model of fire-propagation prediction is set up. The prediction is given with the structure factor (the width of the side wall and the width of the heat-insulating material). The increase in the ratio of the degree of non-dimensional fire (the ratio of the presence of the concave structure and the velocity of the propagation at the time of the absence) increases, but the rate of increase is decreasing, which is consistent with the experimental results, but the prediction The value is slightly larger than the experimental value. The vertical countercurrent fire of the XPS insulation material is studied in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the propagation of counter-current fire is studied by changing the width, thickness, side wall structure and ambient pressure of the sample. The flame height, the mass loss rate, the material surface and the gas-solid phase temperature are obtained. the degree of the melt, the rate of the melt formation, the rate of fire propagation, It is found that the propagation velocity of the counter-current fire increases with the increase of the thickness of the heat-insulating material. The velocity of the counter-current fire in the infinite wall increases with the increase of the width. At the time of the side wall, the flow rate of the counter-current fire increases with the width, and the counter-current fire spread at the time of the side wall When the speed is lower than the infinite wall; the cranberry of the normal pressure area. In this paper, the vertical counter-current fire-propagation model of the XPS heat-insulation material, which is coupled with the above-mentioned factors, is established based on the comprehensive experimental research and the theoretical analysis, and the change trend of the fire propagation speed obtained by the model is predicted. The results of this paper can be used to predict the development of the fire of the thermal insulation material in the exterior wall of the PS. In order to provide the guidance for evaluating the fire risk of the material, the fire risk of the thermal insulation system of the PS external wall is further provided. The theory foundation is laid for the safety design. At the same time, the study is still in one
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU551;TU998.1
本文编号：2380835
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the energy problem has become one of the main factors that restrict the sustainable development of the society, and the energy consumption of the building is increasing year by year, so the building energy efficiency is imperative, and the application of the heat-insulating material is an effective method of building energy-saving. The polystyrene (PS) heat-insulating material has excellent heat-insulating property, and has been widely used in the thermal insulation of the outer wall of the building. The fact that the non-flame-retardant PS thermal insulation material has a high fire risk, however, the research on the combustion and fire characteristics of the PS thermal insulation material has not been thoroughly investigated so far, in particular the lack of the basic data of the fire characteristics of the material, The influence of the material itself and the external factors on the fire spread is unknown, and the fire spread theory model with the influence of the appropriate coupling factors is lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the combustion and fire spreading behavior of PS insulation materials under the influence of multi-parameters, and to set up a model of relevant fire spread theory. In this paper, the characteristics of combustion and fire propagation of PS thermal insulation materials are studied by means of experimental research and theoretical analysis, and the inclination angle, specimen width, specimen thickness, ambient pressure, radiant heat flow strength, edge, The shadow of the burning and fire spreading of the wall, the concave structure of the outer wall and the fire-proof isolation belt in response to that experiment, the parameter value of the combustion and fire spread characteristic of the PS thermal insulation material is obtain, and the change rules of the characteristic parameter value with the multi-influence factor are obtained. By means of the theory analysis, the fire spread model of PS thermal insulation material with multi-parameter coupling is established to obtain the model prediction value or the prediction trend. and finally, comparing the prediction result with the experimental result, and verifying the reliability of the model. In this paper, the combustion characteristic data of PS thermal insulation material is obtained by carrying out a cone calorimeter test. On this basis, the radiation ignition model of the material is established. The model can be used to correct the change of the ignition time caused by the heat shrinkage of the PS thermal insulation material. In addition, the linear formula of the inverse of the square root of the ignition time of the PS thermal insulation material and the intensity of the radiant heat flow are obtained by theoretical analysis and experimental data fitting, and the critical point of the PS thermal insulation material is further obtained. The ignition time, the heat penetration thickness, the heat release rate, the effective combustion heat, the fire growth index, the total release heat and the flue gas generation rate are found along with the radiant heat flow strength and the thickness of the sample. In this paper, the influence of the material width, the angle of inclination and the flow of the melt on the spread of the current fire of the PS heat-insulating material is studied in this paper, and the co-flow of the PS heat-insulating material with these factors is established. The results show that, when the angle of inclination is small, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width of the sample. However, when the inclination angle is increased to a certain value, the propagation speed of the fire increases with the increase of the width, and the phenomenon can be entered by the built-forward fire spreading model. A reasonable explanation is given. The surface flame height, the pool fire characteristic and the length of the preheating zone along with the material width and the inclination angle are also obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the effect of the fire-proof isolation belt on the spread of the vertical and downstream fire of the PS insulation material is studied, the mechanism of the fire-fire spreading of the fire-proof isolation belt is analyzed, the mathematical model is established, and the length and the distance of a certain material are established. The flame can spread over the isolation belt to the height of the belt. The prediction is carried out above. For most of the working conditions, the prediction results are in accordance with the experimental results, and the PS insulation material under the influence of the fireproof isolation belt is obtained through the experiment. In this paper, the propagation characteristic of vertical and downstream fire of PS heat-insulating material under the structure of concave-type exterior wall is studied, and the model of fire-propagation prediction is set up. The prediction is given with the structure factor (the width of the side wall and the width of the heat-insulating material). The increase in the ratio of the degree of non-dimensional fire (the ratio of the presence of the concave structure and the velocity of the propagation at the time of the absence) increases, but the rate of increase is decreasing, which is consistent with the experimental results, but the prediction The value is slightly larger than the experimental value. The vertical countercurrent fire of the XPS insulation material is studied in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the propagation of counter-current fire is studied by changing the width, thickness, side wall structure and ambient pressure of the sample. The flame height, the mass loss rate, the material surface and the gas-solid phase temperature are obtained. the degree of the melt, the rate of the melt formation, the rate of fire propagation, It is found that the propagation velocity of the counter-current fire increases with the increase of the thickness of the heat-insulating material. The velocity of the counter-current fire in the infinite wall increases with the increase of the width. At the time of the side wall, the flow rate of the counter-current fire increases with the width, and the counter-current fire spread at the time of the side wall When the speed is lower than the infinite wall; the cranberry of the normal pressure area. In this paper, the vertical counter-current fire-propagation model of the XPS heat-insulation material, which is coupled with the above-mentioned factors, is established based on the comprehensive experimental research and the theoretical analysis, and the change trend of the fire propagation speed obtained by the model is predicted. The results of this paper can be used to predict the development of the fire of the thermal insulation material in the exterior wall of the PS. In order to provide the guidance for evaluating the fire risk of the material, the fire risk of the thermal insulation system of the PS external wall is further provided. The theory foundation is laid for the safety design. At the same time, the study is still in one
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU551;TU998.1
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