粉末活性炭吸附及强化混凝去除水中嗅味物质的效能研究
发布时间：2018-12-20 10:26
【摘要】：随着城市人口数量的增多以及工业的迅速发展,许多有害的污染物以及化学药品被肆意地排入江河、湖泊等水体中,造成饮用水源水严重的污染,致使水体处于富营养化状态。而在富营养化的水体中,大量的藻类能够产生带有土霉味的次代谢产物,容易引起水体的异味问题。近年来,饮用水水源地突发性嗅味污染事件屡次发生,使饮用水安全性问题得到广泛关注。水厂常规工艺一般难以将嗅味物质去除,因此有必要探索出一种快速有效地去除水中嗅味物质的方法,来应对饮用水水源地突发嗅味污染事件。本试验主要以水中致嗅物质的典型代表物土臭素(GSM)及2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)作为研究对象,对水中嗅味物质GSM及2-MIB的分析方法进行了研究,并着重考察了活性炭吸附以及强化混凝对水中嗅味物质(GSM、2-MIB)的去除效果。研究表明采用顶空固相微萃取—气质联用仪能够有效地测定水中嗅味物质,通过试验建立了嗅味物质GSM及2-MIB的标准曲线,其相关系数都能达到0.99以上,且检出限均低于10ng/L,该方法操作简便、灵敏度及准确度高、检出限低,符合实际水样的检测要求。试验过程中,分别用Freundlich及Langmuir两种模型对活性炭吸附等温线进行了拟合,得出Freundlich吸附等温线模型能够更好地描述活性炭对嗅味物质的吸附过程,其拟合相关系数均能达到0.9以上;木质、煤质、椰壳三种粉末活性炭中,木质炭对嗅味物质GSM及2-MIB的吸附容量及吸附速率最大,其次是煤质炭、椰壳炭;通过对吸附动力学的研究,得出活性炭吸附速率最快的时段为前30min,在90~120min之间,吸附基本达到动态平衡。在一定范围内,温度对活性炭吸附过程影响较小,但从整体情况看,低温有利于活性炭的吸附;活性炭在碱性条件下对GSM及2-MIB的去除率较高;随着水力条件的增强,活性炭对嗅味物质的去除率越高;水中天然有机物会与嗅味物质产生竞争作用,其含量越高,活性炭对嗅味物质的去除率越低。常规工艺对嗅味物质的去除率较低,GSM及2-MIB的去除率分别仅为13.91%、19.91%;活性炭吸附强化混凝对水中嗅味物质(GSM、2-MIB)的去除率较高,分别可达到90%及77%以上,在此过程中,活性炭吸附去除率占主要比例;改变混凝剂的种类及投加量并不能有效地提高嗅味物质去除率;聚合氯化铝对投炭后水体中的浊度及UV254的去除效果最好;增加活性炭投加量及延长吸附时间能够有效地提高嗅味物质去除率;对水体不同种类及程度的嗅味污染,所需活性炭的投加量也不同。高锰酸钾强化混凝对嗅味物质GSM及2-MIB的去除率较低,GSM和2-MIB的去除率分别仅为20%及30%左右,增加高锰酸钾的投加量及延长氧化时间并不能提高其对GSM及2-MIB的去除率。活性炭与高锰酸钾联用强化混凝对嗅味物质(GSM、2-MIB)的去除效果较好,但两者联用强化混凝对GSM及2-MIB的去除率低于活性炭单独吸附强化混凝的去除率。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the rapid development of industry, many harmful pollutants and chemicals are discharged wantonly into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, resulting in serious pollution of drinking water sources and eutrophication of water bodies. However, in eutrophic water, a large number of algae can produce secondary metabolites with soil mildew, which can easily lead to the problem of odor. In recent years, sudden odour pollution incidents occurred frequently in drinking water sources, which caused widespread concern about the safety of drinking water. It is difficult to remove odorous substances by conventional technology in water plants, so it is necessary to find a method to remove odour substances quickly and effectively in order to deal with the sudden odour pollution in drinking water sources. The analytical methods of odorous substances (GSM and 2-MIB) in water were studied by using (GSM) and 2-MIB, the typical representative of odorous substances in water. The removal of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation was investigated. The results showed that the headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS could be used to determine odorous substances in water effectively. The standard curves of GSM and 2-MIB were established, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99. The detection limit is lower than 10 ng / L, the method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and the detection limit is low. In the course of the experiment, the adsorption isotherms of activated carbon were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model could better describe the adsorption process of odorous substances on activated carbon. The fitting correlation coefficient is above 0.9. Among the three kinds of powdered activated carbon of wood, coal and coconut shell, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of GSM and 2-MIB were the largest, followed by coal charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. Through the study of adsorption kinetics, it was found that the fastest adsorption rate of activated carbon was in the first 30 mins, and the adsorption reached dynamic equilibrium between 90~120min. In a certain range, the temperature has little effect on the adsorption process of activated carbon, but from the overall situation, the low temperature is favorable to the adsorption of activated carbon, and the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB is higher under alkaline conditions. With the increase of hydraulic conditions, the removal rate of smelling substances was higher with activated carbon, and the higher the content of natural organic matter in water, the lower the removal rate of smelling substances. The removal rate of odorous substances by conventional process was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were 13.91 and 19.91 respectively. The removal rate of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water was higher than 90% and 77% respectively by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation. In this process, the removal rate of activated carbon was the main one. The removal rate of odorous substances could not be improved effectively by changing the type and dosage of coagulant, and the removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 in water was the best by polyaluminium chloride. Increasing the dosage of activated carbon and prolonging the adsorption time can effectively improve the removal rate of odorous substances, and the amount of activated carbon needed for different kinds and degrees of odor pollution in water is also different. The removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by enhanced coagulation with potassium permanganate was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were only about 20% and 30%, respectively. Increasing the dosage of potassium permanganate and prolonging the oxidation time can not improve the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB. Enhanced coagulation combined with activated carbon and potassium permanganate had a better removal effect on odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB), but the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by combined enhanced coagulation was lower than that by activated carbon alone.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
本文编号：2387864
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the rapid development of industry, many harmful pollutants and chemicals are discharged wantonly into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, resulting in serious pollution of drinking water sources and eutrophication of water bodies. However, in eutrophic water, a large number of algae can produce secondary metabolites with soil mildew, which can easily lead to the problem of odor. In recent years, sudden odour pollution incidents occurred frequently in drinking water sources, which caused widespread concern about the safety of drinking water. It is difficult to remove odorous substances by conventional technology in water plants, so it is necessary to find a method to remove odour substances quickly and effectively in order to deal with the sudden odour pollution in drinking water sources. The analytical methods of odorous substances (GSM and 2-MIB) in water were studied by using (GSM) and 2-MIB, the typical representative of odorous substances in water. The removal of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation was investigated. The results showed that the headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS could be used to determine odorous substances in water effectively. The standard curves of GSM and 2-MIB were established, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.99. The detection limit is lower than 10 ng / L, the method is simple, sensitive and accurate, and the detection limit is low. In the course of the experiment, the adsorption isotherms of activated carbon were fitted by Freundlich and Langmuir models, and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model could better describe the adsorption process of odorous substances on activated carbon. The fitting correlation coefficient is above 0.9. Among the three kinds of powdered activated carbon of wood, coal and coconut shell, the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of GSM and 2-MIB were the largest, followed by coal charcoal and coconut shell charcoal. Through the study of adsorption kinetics, it was found that the fastest adsorption rate of activated carbon was in the first 30 mins, and the adsorption reached dynamic equilibrium between 90~120min. In a certain range, the temperature has little effect on the adsorption process of activated carbon, but from the overall situation, the low temperature is favorable to the adsorption of activated carbon, and the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB is higher under alkaline conditions. With the increase of hydraulic conditions, the removal rate of smelling substances was higher with activated carbon, and the higher the content of natural organic matter in water, the lower the removal rate of smelling substances. The removal rate of odorous substances by conventional process was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were 13.91 and 19.91 respectively. The removal rate of odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB) in water was higher than 90% and 77% respectively by activated carbon adsorption and enhanced coagulation. In this process, the removal rate of activated carbon was the main one. The removal rate of odorous substances could not be improved effectively by changing the type and dosage of coagulant, and the removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 in water was the best by polyaluminium chloride. Increasing the dosage of activated carbon and prolonging the adsorption time can effectively improve the removal rate of odorous substances, and the amount of activated carbon needed for different kinds and degrees of odor pollution in water is also different. The removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by enhanced coagulation with potassium permanganate was lower, and the removal rates of GSM and 2-MIB were only about 20% and 30%, respectively. Increasing the dosage of potassium permanganate and prolonging the oxidation time can not improve the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB. Enhanced coagulation combined with activated carbon and potassium permanganate had a better removal effect on odorous substances (GSM,2-MIB), but the removal rate of GSM and 2-MIB by combined enhanced coagulation was lower than that by activated carbon alone.
【学位授予单位】：吉林建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU991.2
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