基于三维激光扫描技术的古建筑物变形监测研究与应用
发布时间：2018-12-23 20:10
【摘要】：三维激光扫描技术是国际上近期发展的一项高新技术,又被称做实景复制技术,是测绘领域继GPS技术之后的一次技术革命。它无需接触扫描文物表面,突破了传统的单点测量方法,具有高效率、高精度的独特优势。该技术作为获取空间数据的有效手段,已越来越被人们所重视,其精确、快速、操作便捷等优势应用在众多领域,在工业测量系统、文物修复、大型建筑物形变测量等方向发挥着重要的作用。本文主要阐述三维激光扫描技术,作为一种全新的计算机应用技术,它具有许多新的特性及功能,将该技术引入到变形监测领域,并探索其在该领域内的应用方法及理论,具有十分积极的现实意义。此外就目前的发展状况以及国内外现状作出说明,指出研究该技术的重要性。另对本实验所采用的Z+F三维激光扫描仪工作原理、点云数据内业处理给予仔细阐述。目前随着三维激光扫描技术的成熟,已经可以反映所要扫描古建筑物的整体面貌,在变形监测单点定位方面进行沉降分析,根据数次的扫描数据并利用开源软件Cloud Compare对比出图,我们给出了被监测建筑物对象的暴鼓、变形、沉降位移的变形情况,并基于最小二乘配置算法预测变形趋势,方便相关文物部门进行后期遗址处理。由此可见三维激光扫描技术在古建筑文物变形监测中具有广阔的应用前景。本文的主要研究工作有:(1)研究了利用Z+F三维激光扫描仪来获取大量原始三维点云数据,并将所获得的点云数据经过Geomagic、Recap、Meshlab等不同软件处理,转化成适合于本文的二进制ply文件格式。(2)研究了海龙屯扫描任务中点云数据处理的内业操作问题,针对前后多期的扫描数据,利用开源软件Cloud Compare对不同期扫描得出的点云三维面片进行变形分析处理,利用八叉树快速检索数据对比得到暴鼓、沉降、水平位移变形值。(3)在海龙屯飞凤关外业操作过程中,利用前期实地测绘获取的海量三维点云数据,本文提出采用最小二乘配置法拟合并推估出第六期变形数据,配置问题从理论上解决过去认为未测点参数在平差中不可估的难题,计算观测值和拟合值的协方差,并和实际采集的第六期各变形点数据比对,能够较好吻合变形监测曲线,验证了本文方法的有效性。就目前而言,针对形变分析沉降数据的处理和预报,本文主要采用最小二乘配置法,由于这方面的研究尚未完全,具有一定的现实意义和广阔的研究发展空间。
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new and high technology developed recently in the world, also known as real scene copying technology. It is a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping after GPS technology. It has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision because it breaks through the traditional method of single point measurement without touching and scanning the surface of cultural relics. As an effective means of obtaining spatial data, this technology has been paid more and more attention to. Its advantages of accuracy, rapidity and convenience of operation have been applied in many fields, such as industrial measurement system, cultural relic restoration, etc. Deformation measurement of large buildings plays an important role. This paper mainly describes the 3D laser scanning technology. As a new computer application technology, it has many new characteristics and functions. It is introduced into the field of deformation monitoring, and its application method and theory in this field are explored. It has very positive practical significance. In addition, the present development and the present situation at home and abroad are described, and the importance of studying this technology is pointed out. In addition, the working principle of Z F 3 D laser scanner and the processing of point cloud data are described in detail. At present, with the maturity of 3D laser scanning technology, it can already reflect the whole appearance of the ancient buildings to be scanned, and analyze the settlement in the deformation monitoring and single point positioning. According to the scanning data of several times and using the open source software Cloud Compare to compare the map, We give out the deformation of the monitored building object such as drum deformation and settlement displacement and predict the deformation trend based on the least square collocation algorithm so as to facilitate the related cultural relic department to deal with the later site. It can be seen that 3D laser scanning technology has a broad application prospect in the deformation monitoring of ancient buildings. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) A large number of original 3D point cloud data are obtained by using a ZF 3D laser scanner, and the obtained point cloud data are processed by different software such as Geomagic,Recap,Meshlab. Transform into binary ply file format suitable for this paper. (2) study the internal operation of point cloud data processing in Hailuntun scanning task. Using the open source software Cloud Compare to analyze the deformation of the point cloud 3D surface obtained by scanning at different time, and compare the data of octree quickly to get the drum and subsidence. (3) in the field operation of Hailongtun Feifeng Guan, using the massive 3D point cloud data obtained by field surveying and mapping, this paper puts forward the method of least square collocation to combine and estimate the sixth phase deformation data. The problem of collocation theoretically solves the problem that the parameters of unmeasured points can not be estimated in the adjustment, calculates the covariance of observed and fitting values, and compares with the data of each deformation point collected in the sixth period, which can be in good agreement with the deformation monitoring curve. The validity of this method is verified. At present, the method of least square collocation is mainly used to deal with and forecast the settlement data of deformation analysis. Because the research in this field is not complete, it has some practical significance and broad research and development space.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU-87;TU196.1
本文编号：2390199
[Abstract]:Three-dimensional laser scanning technology is a new and high technology developed recently in the world, also known as real scene copying technology. It is a technological revolution in the field of surveying and mapping after GPS technology. It has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision because it breaks through the traditional method of single point measurement without touching and scanning the surface of cultural relics. As an effective means of obtaining spatial data, this technology has been paid more and more attention to. Its advantages of accuracy, rapidity and convenience of operation have been applied in many fields, such as industrial measurement system, cultural relic restoration, etc. Deformation measurement of large buildings plays an important role. This paper mainly describes the 3D laser scanning technology. As a new computer application technology, it has many new characteristics and functions. It is introduced into the field of deformation monitoring, and its application method and theory in this field are explored. It has very positive practical significance. In addition, the present development and the present situation at home and abroad are described, and the importance of studying this technology is pointed out. In addition, the working principle of Z F 3 D laser scanner and the processing of point cloud data are described in detail. At present, with the maturity of 3D laser scanning technology, it can already reflect the whole appearance of the ancient buildings to be scanned, and analyze the settlement in the deformation monitoring and single point positioning. According to the scanning data of several times and using the open source software Cloud Compare to compare the map, We give out the deformation of the monitored building object such as drum deformation and settlement displacement and predict the deformation trend based on the least square collocation algorithm so as to facilitate the related cultural relic department to deal with the later site. It can be seen that 3D laser scanning technology has a broad application prospect in the deformation monitoring of ancient buildings. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) A large number of original 3D point cloud data are obtained by using a ZF 3D laser scanner, and the obtained point cloud data are processed by different software such as Geomagic,Recap,Meshlab. Transform into binary ply file format suitable for this paper. (2) study the internal operation of point cloud data processing in Hailuntun scanning task. Using the open source software Cloud Compare to analyze the deformation of the point cloud 3D surface obtained by scanning at different time, and compare the data of octree quickly to get the drum and subsidence. (3) in the field operation of Hailongtun Feifeng Guan, using the massive 3D point cloud data obtained by field surveying and mapping, this paper puts forward the method of least square collocation to combine and estimate the sixth phase deformation data. The problem of collocation theoretically solves the problem that the parameters of unmeasured points can not be estimated in the adjustment, calculates the covariance of observed and fitting values, and compares with the data of each deformation point collected in the sixth period, which can be in good agreement with the deformation monitoring curve. The validity of this method is verified. At present, the method of least square collocation is mainly used to deal with and forecast the settlement data of deformation analysis. Because the research in this field is not complete, it has some practical significance and broad research and development space.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU-87;TU196.1
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