哈尔滨城市内涝灾害治理的规划对策研究

发布时间：2019-04-17 11:42

【摘要】：我国的城市内涝问题日益严重,不仅波及范围广,发生次数频繁,而且造成损失惨重,对城市安全造成极大影响。哈尔滨市的内涝灾害亦十分严重。在国家提出要大力发展城市基础设施建设,完善城市排水防涝体系,建设城市综合管廊,并着力建设海绵城市的背景下,本研究根据哈尔滨城市的防灾规划情况进行城市防灾规划策略的研究。首先通过文献综述将相关基础理论进行研究,为课题深入奠定基础;其次通过对国内外有关城市内涝治理、雨水再利用等相关案例的收集和归纳,从实际案例中总结城市内涝灾害的预防和治理的相关经验,为本课题的研究提供现实依据和实践支持;在调研中对与哈尔滨城市内涝相关的排水系统、法规条文、应急管理等方面的资料进行收集,对哈尔滨市内涝发生的位置、时间、产生的影响、引发的次生灾害及典型积涝点的情况进行详细调研,在实地调研基础上解读城市内涝问题。本文总结了哈尔滨市内涝灾害呈现在时间上、空间上、与降雨的关系上、典型积涝点上的特征,并按照城市水循环的“降水—汇水—排水”过程,综合哈尔滨市实际情况探讨内涝灾害的形成机制,分析得出内涝灾害在规划上是由蓄水不足、汇水不当、排水不利综合造成的,在此基础上对城市内涝的影响因素加以总结,包括城市水系、城市道路系统、城市排水设施系统、城市雨水设施、城市降雨与城市水系、城市地区的地势影响、城市下垫面等多种因素。依据上述影响因素,参考城市水循环的“降水—汇水—排水”过程,从城市的蓄水、汇水、排水三个角度提出内涝灾害的规划治理对策。通过城市绿地、广场等公共空间的设计加强城市蓄水,通过城市用地布局规划和城市道路交通规划的有机结合合理汇水,通过更加全面、系统的编制标准的制定、综合管廊的规范化建设等途径提升城市排水能力,并对海绵城市技术在严寒地区的应用进行一定探讨,以期从多角度综合治理内涝。
[Abstract]:The problem of urban waterlogging in China is becoming more and more serious. It not only affects a wide range of cities, but also causes heavy losses and has a great impact on the safety of cities. Harbin city waterlogging disaster is also very serious. Against the background of the national proposal to vigorously develop urban infrastructure, improve the urban drainage and waterlogging control system, build urban integrated pipe corridors, and focus on the construction of sponge cities, According to the situation of urban disaster prevention planning in Harbin, the strategy of urban disaster prevention planning is studied in this paper. First of all, the related basic theory is studied through literature review, which lays a foundation for the further study of the subject. Secondly, through the collection and induction of related cases such as urban waterlogging control, Rain Water reuse and other related cases at home and abroad, the relevant experiences of prevention and control of urban waterlogging disasters are summarized from the actual cases. To provide practical basis and practical support for the research of this subject; During the investigation, the drainage system, the regulations and the emergency management related to the urban waterlogging in Harbin were collected, and the location, time and effect of the waterlogging occurred in Harbin were also collected. The secondary disasters and typical flood spots are investigated in detail, and the problems of urban waterlogging are interpreted on the basis of on-the-spot investigation. This paper summarizes the characteristics of waterlogging disaster in Harbin in time, space, relation with rainfall, typical accumulation of waterlogging points, and according to the "precipitation-catchment-drainage" process of urban water circulation, According to the actual situation of Harbin city, the forming mechanism of waterlogging disaster is discussed, and it is concluded that the internal waterlogging disaster is caused by insufficient water storage, improper catchment and unfavorable drainage. On this basis, the influencing factors of urban waterlogging are summarized. It includes urban water system, urban road system, urban drainage facility system, urban Rain Water facility, urban rainfall and urban water system, topography influence of urban area, urban underlying surface and so on. According to the factors mentioned above, referring to the process of "precipitation-catchment-drainage" of urban water circulation, the planning and control countermeasures of waterlogging disaster are put forward from three angles of urban water storage, catchment and drainage. Through the design of urban green space, square and other public spaces to strengthen urban water storage, through the organic combination of urban land layout planning and urban road traffic planning, through a more comprehensive and systematic formulation of standards, This paper discusses the application of sponge city technology in severe cold area in order to comprehensively control waterlogging from many angles by means of standardized construction of comprehensive pipe corridor and other ways to improve the urban drainage capacity of the city, and also discusses the application of sponge city technology in severe cold areas.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU992.01

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