拱形张弦结构分析与受力性能研究

发布时间：2019-06-09 12:43

【摘要】：本文研究的拱形张弦结构包括拱形张弦拱结构与拱形张弦柱面网壳结构,其主要特点为上弦为拱(拱架)或柱面网壳,下弦为上凹型(拱形)悬索。其中,拱形张弦拱结构是平面张弦结构的一种新形式,拱形张弦柱面网壳结构是弦支网壳结构的一种新形式。文章首先对平面张弦结构的发展过程进行了回顾,简述了平面张弦结构体系的结构类型与组成特点,包括下凹式张弦梁、张弦梁(桁架)、张弦拱(拱架)、系杆拱、拱形张弦拱(拱架),并对各自的适用范围进行了讨论。介绍了一些国内外典型平面张弦结构工程,并相应介绍了国内外学者对平面张弦结构的有关研究工作。提出平面张弦结构的一种新形式“拱形张弦拱”,该结构的主要特点为:上弦为拱(拱架),下弦为上凹型悬索,上弦拱与下弦索之间用竖向拉杆连接;仅上弦拱为压弯构件,其余均为拉杆,结构效率更高;结构自平衡,对下部结构无水平推力。与传统两铰拱结构相比,下弦张弦既平衡了拱的水平推力,又有效提高了上弦拱的稳定;与普通张弦拱结构相比,下弦索的上凹有更大的建筑室内空间可以利用,内部视觉也更为明快。因此拱形张弦拱结构特别适用于大跨度公共建筑的屋盖结构。简述了空间张弦结构与弦支网壳的类型及典型空间张弦结构与弦支网壳工程,并介绍了国内外学者对空间张弦结构与弦支网壳工程的研究工作。在深入分析拱形张弦拱结构受力特性的基础上,进一步提出“拱形张弦柱面网壳”这一结构新形式。拱形张弦柱面网壳的特点为:上弦构件为单层柱面网壳,下弦为上凹型悬索,连接上弦单层柱面网壳与下弦索的竖向杆件为拉杆。该结构形式造型美观,下弦索不仅能平衡上弦柱面网壳的水平推力,而且能提高上弦柱面网壳整体稳定,具有较好的工程应用前景。本文以平面拱形张弦拱为重点研究对象,对该结构的的受力性能进行了系统的理论分析。建立索与拱的变形协调方程,导出索力增量与位移关系,用连续化方法给出拱形张弦拱的整体平衡微分方程,采用伽辽金法求得解析解,并与模型试验、非线性有限元分析进行分析比较,证明本文提出的理论公式计算方便、直观精确,可用于拱形张弦拱的分析与计算。对拱形张弦拱的静力性能进行了讨论,包括结构的线性性能、上弦拱的弯曲刚度贡献、挠度与支座水平位移、预应力对结构的影响等方面。推导给出一端弹性水平支承的拱形张弦拱整体平衡微分方程,分析了水平支承刚度对结构静力性能的影响,并与两铰拱进行对比。对拱形张弦拱平面内的整体稳定性进行了初步研究,与两铰拱的平面内整体稳定做了对比,指出下弦张弦体系对提高结构整体稳定性有很大作用。对拱形张弦拱结构的动力特性进行了分析,研究了拱形张弦拱几何参数变化对其受力性能的影响,给出了拱形张弦拱的合理设计建议。以拱形张弦拱的系统理论研究为基础,对各类平面张弦结构按其结构几何参数(上弦拱的矢跨比、下弦索的垂跨比)的变化,详细讨论与分析比较了各类平面张弦结构的受力特性,包括结构的线性性能、上弦拱的抗弯刚度贡献、不同结构形式的跨中挠度与支座水平位移比较、预应力对结构的控制作用等方面。有关成果对平面张弦结构的研究与设计有较好的指导意义。设计制作了拱形张弦拱结构的三组不同矢(垂)跨比的试验模型,进行了详细的静力与动力性能试验。包括均布荷载、活荷载半跨分布、预应力作用及全跨(半跨)极限承载力试验,进行了结构的自振频率与振型测试。对试验实测数据进行了系统整理,并将试验结果与理论公式及有限元模型对比,验证了理论计算公式的适用性和模型试验结果的正确性。通过有限元计算研究了平面尺度为60m×80m的拱形张弦柱面网壳的静力性能;指出下弦索对平衡柱面网壳水平推力的作用,并重点研究下弦索对提高柱面网壳整体稳定的作用;采用有限元计算了不同几何参数的拱形张弦柱面网壳的静力受力性能与动力特性。根据研究成果,提出拱形张弦柱面网壳工程的设计建议。
[Abstract]:The arch-shaped string structure studied in this paper is composed of an arch-shaped arch-string arch structure and an arch-shaped cylindrical shell structure, and is mainly characterized in that the upper chord is an arch (arch frame) or a cylindrical reticulated shell, and the lower chord is an upper concave (arched) suspension cable. In this paper, the arch structure is a new form of the flat-string structure, and the structure of the dome-shaped cylindrical shell is a new form of the structure of the string-supported net. In this paper, the development process of the flat-string structure is reviewed, and the structure type and composition characteristics of the flat-string structure system are briefly described. The structure type and the composition characteristics of the flat-string structure system are briefly described, including the lower concave-type beam-string beam, the beam-string beam (the arch frame), the tension-string arch (the arch frame), the tie-bar arch and the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch (the arch frame). And the application scope of the invention is discussed. In this paper, some typical flat-string structure engineering at home and abroad are introduced, and the relevant research work of the domestic and foreign scholars on the plane-string structure is introduced. The invention provides a new form of "arch-shaped arch-string arch" of a planar chord structure, which is mainly characterized in that the upper chord is an arch (an arch frame), the lower chord is an upper concave suspension cable, a vertical pull rod is connected between the upper chord arch and the lower chord line, only the upper chord arch is a press bending component, the other is a pull rod, and the structural efficiency is higher; The structure is self-balanced and has no horizontal thrust to the lower structure. Compared with the traditional two-hinge-arch structure, the lower chord-and-chord structure can balance the horizontal thrust of the arch and effectively improve the stability of the upper chord arch; Therefore, the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch structure is particularly suitable for the roof structure of a large-span public building. The paper briefly introduces the type of the space-string structure and the string-supporting net shell and the typical space-string structure and the string-supporting network shell project, and introduces the research work of the domestic and foreign scholars on the space-string structure and the string-supporting net shell project. On the basis of in-depth analysis of the force characteristics of the arch-shaped arch-arch structure, the new form of the "arch-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell" is put forward. The arched open-string cylindrical reticulated shell is characterized in that the upper chord member is a single-layer cylindrical shell, the lower chord is an upper concave suspension cable, and the vertical rod of the upper chord single-layer cylindrical shell and the lower chord is a pull rod. The structure is beautiful in shape, the lower chord can not only balance the horizontal thrust of the upper chord cylindrical reticulated shell, but also can improve the overall stability of the upper chord cylindrical reticulated shell, and has better engineering application prospect. In this paper, the stress performance of the structure is analyzed theoretically by using the planar arch-shaped arch as the key research object. The deformation coordination equation of the cable and the arch is established, the relationship between the force increment and the displacement is derived, the integral equilibrium differential equation of the arch-shaped arch-shaped arch is given by the continuous method, the analytical solution is obtained by the Galerkin method, and compared with the model test and the non-linear finite element analysis, It is proved that the theoretical formula presented in this paper is convenient, visual and accurate, and can be used for the analysis and calculation of the arch-shaped arch. The static performance of the arch-shaped arch is discussed, including the linear performance of the structure, the contribution of the bending rigidity of the upper chord, the displacement of the deflection and the support, the effect of the prestress on the structure, etc. In this paper, the integral equilibrium differential equation of the arch-shaped arch-string arch supported by one-end elastic level is derived, and the effect of the horizontal support stiffness on the static performance of the structure is analyzed and compared with the two-hinged arch. In this paper, the overall stability of the arch-shaped arch-chord arch is studied, and the overall stability of the two-hinged arch is compared. It is pointed out that the lower-chord-chord system has a great effect on improving the overall stability of the structure. The dynamic characteristics of the arch-shaped arch-string arch structure are analyzed, and the influence of the change of the geometric parameters of the arch-shaped arch-string arch on the performance of the arch-shaped arch-string arch is studied, and the reasonable design proposal of the arch-shaped arch-chord arch is given. Based on the research of the system theory of the arch-shaped arch-string arch, the variation of the structure geometric parameters (the vector-span ratio of the upper chord and the vertical span ratio of the lower chord) of all kinds of flat-string structures is discussed in detail. The force characteristics of the structure of various flat-string structures are discussed and compared, including the linear performance of the structure. The bending stiffness contribution of the upper chord arch, the cross-center deflection of different structures and the horizontal displacement of the support, the control effect of the pre-stress on the structure, and the like. The results are of great significance to the research and design of the flat-string structure. The experimental model of three groups of different vector (vertical) span ratio of the arch-shaped arch-arch structure was designed, and the detailed static and dynamic performance test was carried out. The self-vibration frequency and vibration mode test of the structure are carried out, including uniform load, live load semi-span distribution, pre-stress and full span (semi-span) ultimate bearing capacity test. The results of the test are compared with the theoretical formula and the finite element model, and the applicability of the theoretical calculation formula and the correctness of the model test results are verified. The static performance of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell with a plane dimension of 60 m and 80 m is studied by the finite element method, and the effect of the lower chord on the horizontal thrust of the cylindrical reticulated shell is pointed out, and the effect of the lower chord on the overall stability of the cylindrical reticulated shell is studied. The static force and dynamic characteristics of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell with different geometric parameters are calculated by using the finite element method. Based on the research results, the design proposal of the dome-shaped cylindrical reticulated shell project is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：中国建筑科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU399

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