快速城市化下东部地区农村生活污水处理生命周期成本有效性研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 15:02

本文关键词：快速城市化下东部地区农村生活污水处理生命周期成本有效性研究　出处：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国农村生活污水治理仍处于起步阶段。随着我国经济社会的发展和城市排污管网体系的成熟,农村生活污污水逐渐成为重要的污染源,农村污水的治理工作也逐渐被各级政府和社会所重视。我国东部农村地区污水治理工作大规模开始于“十一五”期间,并在“十二五”期间快速推进。在近十年的推广过程中,各级政府投入了大量财力但仍然困难重重。我国农村污水治理的困难,核心原因是高成本,这种高成本在我国当前城市化的进程下更加凸显。各地农村生活污水处理工程的失效案例表明,如果忽视快速城市化的影响,设计建设出来的农村污水处理工程在实际的运营过程中很难维持预想的成本有效性,这反过来又会加重农村污水治理的困难和压力。这是以前的研究所未能关注的。城市化对农村生活污水处理成本的影响,反映在污水处理设施生命周期的各个环节。并会在处理设施的生命周期各环节间扩散,甚至最终导致整个工程整体的失效。在研究这种现象时,仅基于现状的成本有效性分析是不够的。而是应该将整个工程的生命周期视作一个整体,采取生命周期成本分析的方法,在一个较长的时间维度中,探求其整体的成本有效性。这种研究方式本文从我国农村生活污水治理高成本的困境出发,在梳理国内外相关研究之后,分析我国在城市化背景下较为常见的农村生活污水处理工程失效情形。并在此基础上构建出农村生活污水处理工程的生命周期成本框架和模型,以两个较为典型的工程案例讨论了城市化可能对工程生命周期成本有效性成造成的影响。归结出我国目前在工程设计、模式选择、运营方式等方面上存在的一些缺陷和不足。研究认为,在快速城市化的背景下,只基于现阶段的成本有效性设计污水处理工程有其局限性,会增加工程失效的风险。从生命周期视角研究农村生活污水处理的成本有效性问题,发现城市化背景下当前成本有效性和长期成本有效性存在差异,独立环节的成本有效性与生命周期成本有效性存在差异。因此,提出应当以生命周期成本最小化为导向,结合区域城市化进程推进农村生活污水处理工作。
[Abstract]:The treatment of rural domestic sewage is still in the initial stage. With the development of our country's economy and society and the maturity of urban sewage network system, rural domestic sewage has gradually become an important source of pollution. The rural sewage treatment work is gradually paid attention by the governments and the society at all levels. The large-scale sewage treatment work in the eastern rural areas of China began during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. And in the "12th Five-Year Plan" period of rapid progress. In the nearly ten years of promotion process, the governments at all levels have invested a lot of financial resources, but still face many difficulties. The core reason for the difficulties of rural sewage treatment in China is the high cost. This kind of high cost is more prominent in the current process of urbanization in China. The failure cases of rural domestic sewage treatment projects in various places show that if the impact of rapid urbanization is ignored. The design and construction of rural sewage treatment project in the actual operation process is difficult to maintain the expected cost effectiveness. This, in turn, will increase the difficulties and pressures of rural sewage treatment, which has not been paid attention to by previous research. The impact of urbanization on the cost of rural domestic sewage treatment. Reflected in the sewage treatment facility life cycle of each link. And will spread between the life cycle of the treatment facility, even eventually lead to the overall failure of the project. In the study of this phenomenon. The cost effectiveness analysis based on the current situation is not enough. The whole project life cycle should be regarded as a whole and the method of life cycle cost analysis should be adopted in a long time dimension. To explore the effectiveness of its overall cost. This research approach from the high cost of rural domestic sewage treatment in China's plight, after combing the relevant research at home and abroad. Based on the analysis of the failure situation of rural domestic sewage treatment project in the background of urbanization in China, the life-cycle cost framework and model of rural domestic sewage treatment project are constructed. Based on two typical engineering cases, this paper discusses the impact of urbanization on the effectiveness of engineering life cycle cost, and concludes that China is currently in engineering design, mode selection. Under the background of rapid urbanization, it has its limitations to design sewage treatment projects only based on the cost effectiveness at the present stage. It will increase the risk of project failure. This paper studies the cost effectiveness of rural domestic sewage treatment from the perspective of life cycle, and finds out that there are differences between current cost effectiveness and long-term cost effectiveness in the context of urbanization. The cost effectiveness of independent links is different from that of life cycle cost. Therefore, it is suggested that the rural domestic sewage treatment should be promoted in combination with the regional urbanization process, and the life cycle cost should be minimized.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.24

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