中国农业劳动生产率地区差异影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:16

本文关键词：中国农业劳动生产率地区差异影响因素研究　出处：《浙江农林大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，中国大量农业劳动力转移到非农业生产部门，农业劳动力占总体劳动力比重不断下降。中国经济已进入升级转型的重要战略阶段。只有在农业劳动生产率水平较高，以较少劳动力消耗换取更多农产品，保证更多农业劳动力向非农部门转移，才能有力的支撑非农部门经济的发展和转型，，现代发展经济学更是把农业劳动生产率看作是经济发展的前提条件。然而中国农业劳动生产率低、地区差距大这一问题依然比较突出，中国农业劳动生产率仅是加拿大的1/163、美国的1/161、法国的1/102、澳大利亚的1/96，农业劳动生产率的极值差率（即农业劳动生产率的最大值与最小值的比值）从1988年的6.87倍又进一步上升到2008年的8.98倍。因此，度量和解释中国农业劳动生产率增长和差异，对于提高农业劳动生产率，促进地区农业经济协调发展具有重要意义。本文利用1988-2011年28个省级行政地区面板数据，基于生产前沿理论，采用反事实分析法和夏普理值不平等分解法，考察农业劳动生产率差异的变动轨迹，研判各因素对农业劳动生产率增长差异的影响程度，测度各因素对农业劳动生产率水平差异的影响大小，分析各因素的影响效应随时间变化规律，分析各因素影响效应的重要性排序及其变化趋势。结果表明：（1）中国农业劳动生产率核密度分布经历了“单峰”到“双峰”的演进，呈现出“两俱乐部”趋势；（2）劳均物质消耗、劳均土地、农业劳动力规模、技术效率和技术进步是农业劳动生产率增长的源泉；(3)其对农业劳动生产率地区差异的贡献率分别为39.84%、9.28%、24.22%、21.58%和5.08%，其中劳均物质消耗、农业劳动力规模和技术效率对地区差异的影响较为显著；（4）随着时间的推移技术效率对农业劳动生产率地区差异影响作用越来越大，其对差异的贡献率不断增大，然而，劳均物质消耗和技术效率的贡献率在缓慢下降，劳均土地和技术进步的贡献率相对稳定。本文研究结论的政策含义：（1）加快城镇化进程，增加农村基础建设资金投入；（2）鼓励农业技术创新，提高农业技术效率；（3）加大技术推广力度，健全农技推广体系；（4）加快农村劳动力转移，减小农业劳动力规模。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, a large number of agricultural labor force in China has been transferred to the non-agricultural production sector. China's economy has entered an important strategic stage of upgrading and transforming. Only when the level of agricultural labor productivity is relatively high, less labor consumption in exchange for more agricultural products. To ensure that more agricultural labor transfer to the non-agricultural sector in order to support the development and transformation of the non-agricultural sector economy. Modern development economics regards agricultural labor productivity as a prerequisite for economic development. However, the problem of low agricultural labor productivity and large regional disparity in China is still prominent. China's agricultural productivity is only 1 / 163 in Canada, 1 / 161 in the United States, 1 / 102 in France and 1/96 in Australia. The extreme difference rate of agricultural labor productivity (that is, the ratio of maximum and minimum value of agricultural labor productivity) increased from 6.87 times in 1988 to 8.98 times in 2008. It is of great significance to measure and explain the growth and difference of agricultural labor productivity in China for improving agricultural labor productivity and promoting the coordinated development of regional agricultural economy. In this paper, we use the panel data of 28 provincial administrative regions from 1988 to 2011. Based on the production frontier theory, we use the counterfactual analysis method and the inequality decomposition method of Sharpe value. This paper investigates the change track of the agricultural labor productivity difference, studies the influence degree of each factor on the agricultural labor productivity growth difference, and measures the influence of each factor on the agricultural labor productivity level difference. The effect of various factors on the change of time is analyzed. The results show that the nuclear density distribution of agricultural labor productivity in China has undergone the evolution from "single peak" to "double peak". Showing the trend of "two clubs"; (2) material consumption, land, scale, technical efficiency and technological progress are the sources of the growth of agricultural labor productivity; The contribution rate to the regional difference of agricultural labor productivity is 39.840.9.28% and 21.58% and 5.08% respectively. The impact of agricultural labor force scale and technical efficiency on regional differences is significant; (4) with the passage of time, the technical efficiency has more and more influence on the regional difference of agricultural labor productivity, and its contribution rate to the difference is increasing, however. The contribution rate of material consumption and technical efficiency is decreasing slowly, and the contribution rate of land and technology progress is relatively stable. The policy implication of the conclusion of this paper is to speed up the process of urbanization and increase the investment in rural infrastructure. (2) encouraging agricultural technological innovation and improving the efficiency of agricultural technology; (3) strengthen the technical popularization and improve the agricultural technology extension system; Speed up the transfer of rural labor force and reduce the scale of agricultural labor force.
【学位授予单位】：浙江农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.5;F224

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