城市化背景下西安都市圈都市农业生态安全评价

发布时间：2018-01-03 13:37

本文关键词：城市化背景下西安都市圈都市农业生态安全评价　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市化和工业化推进了社会经济发展的同时,也带来了一系列的生态问题,对人类生活造成了一定的冲击和破坏,甚至严重危及着人类的生存,因这些原因引起的生态安全已经多学科、多领域研究的热门话题。都市农业地处城市及其延伸地带,它“服务城市,依托城市”,深受城市发展的影响,在城市化和工业化发展的同时,人口大规模集聚,导致城市市场对农业需求的规模化、多样化,加上城市人员、技术与经济支持,推动了都市农业快速发展及其内部结构迅速转变与升级。都市农业地处城市内部及其延伸地带,容易受到城市开发,环境破坏生产和生活污染物等的影响的前沿农业,城市经济发展、市场本身的周期性波动会引起都市农业生产规模、产品结构以及经济效益剧烈变化等等,因此都市农业属于生态脆弱性农业。这都使得都市农业生态系统生产能力的持续性、系统稳定性受到严重冲击,都市农业表现出显著的脆弱性,其生态安全面临着巨大威胁。本文基于TM遥感影像数据,社会经济统计数据,借助RS、GIS、SPSS以及Vensim等软件平台,分析了西安都市圈都市农业生态安全进行时空演化,以及2000、2005以及2011年生态安全变化情况；对西安都市圈都市农业生态安全进行等级划分以及西安都市圈都市农业进行生态安全预测。本次研究旨在对西安都市圈都市农业生态安全研究提供新的思路,一定程度上扩充GIS技术在农业方面的应运；为都市农业的研究内容的充实做出微薄的贡献,为加强西安实现国际化大都市建设提供一些借鉴意义,为都市农业资源保护、生态环境治理等提供理论依据,为西安城乡协调、未来城市发展乃至对关中天水经济区经济发展与规划提供借鉴。通过研究分析,得出以下结论： 1.西安都市圈都市农业生态安全总体呈现上升的趋势,2000年-2011年期间,西安都市圈都市农业总体生态安全状况从0.388上升到0.551。西安都市圈实施农业节能减排,生态环境不断得到改善,加强农业面源污染控制,减少农业废弃物多生态环境的破坏；农业科技创新能力不断增强等提高了都市农业生态安全指数。 2.西安都市圈都市农业生态安全状况呈现明显的空间分异特征呈现市中心生态安全综合指数低于城市周边地区,人口城市化带来都市居民人均住宅面积减少,导致的土地资源压力大,同时带来的人均水资源占有量的匮乏也是其生态安全指数降低重要方面；都市农业生态安全状况呈现由北向南逐渐变好的趋势,南部区域生态环境条件较好、自然资源丰富,政府加大秦岭北麓现代都市农业发展是其主要原因。 3.2000-2011年西安都市圈都市农业生态安全状况好转区域多于恶化区域。好转的区域主要集中在秦岭北麓地区,主要是该区自然资源有得天独厚的优势,加之秦岭环山公路沿线交通便利,农业科技示范园区的建立,农业旅游板块的形成等,生态安全好转；市中心区以及咸阳部分区域,生态安全状况恶化的主要原因是城市化导致的都市农业耕地资源的匮乏,人口城市化导致的人口数量的增多,人均水资源占有量的下降,生产生活污染物对生态环境的破坏等,使其都市农业生态安全状况没有好转,反倒恶化。 4.西安都市圈都市农业等级总体状况：人口安全从都市圈核心地区向周边地区增强；资源安全主要受本身资源优势和建国际化大都市的影响,西安市核心区域莲湖区、碑林区、新城区、雁塔区、灞桥区在降低；而蓝田县、未央区、临潼区在上升；环境安全与城市化发展水平息息相关,都市圈核心地区如新城区、碑林区、莲湖区安全程度一直较低；距离核心区较近的如雁塔区、灞桥区、未央区、渭城区等环境安全在降低；其余区县安全等级基本无变化；社会经济发展安全与区域经济发展、资源数量密切相关,区域经济发展落后,发展水平相对较低,如礼泉县、泾阳县；自然资源较匮乏区发展也相对落后,如都市圈核心区。 5.西安都市圈都市农业预测分析：随时间的推进,都市农业生态安全总指数呈现上升的状态,2020年为0.58,2030年为0.60,2040年为0.63,2050年为0.70；从生态安全等级划分来看,到2050年,生态安全等级已经从“较安全,,状态转变为“安全”状态。
[Abstract]:City modernization and industrialization, promote the social economic development and at the same time, also brought a series of ecological problems, caused a certain impact and destruction of human life, and even endanger the survival of mankind, ecological security caused by these reasons have many subjects, hot topic research in many areas. Urban agriculture is located in the city and the extension area, it "service city, relying on the city", is deeply influenced by the development of the city, in the city and the industrialization development at the same time, the large population agglomeration, leading to the city market demand for agriculture scale, diversity, and city personnel, economic and technical support, to promote the rapid development of agriculture and the internal structure of the city the rapid change and upgrade. Urban agriculture is located within the city and its extended area, vulnerable to city development, leading agricultural environmental damage impact the production and life of the city by the pollutants. Economic development, cyclical fluctuations in the market itself will cause the urban agricultural production scale, product structure and economic benefit of dramatic changes and so on, so the urban agriculture belongs to the ecological vulnerability of agriculture. All this makes the continuous production capacity of urban agriculture ecological system, the stability of the system under the serious impact, urban agriculture showed significant ecological vulnerability, the security is facing a huge threat.
In this paper, based on TM remote sensing data, social economic statistical data, with the help of RS, GIS, SPSS and Vensim software platform, analyzes the agricultural ecological security in Xi'an metropolitan city spatial temporal evolution, and 20002005 in 2011 and the changes of agricultural ecological security; ecological security of Xi'an metropolitan city grade and Xi'an Metropolitan Urban Agriculture the ecological safety prediction. The aim of this study is to provide new ideas for the study of agricultural ecological security in Xi'an metropolitan city, to a certain extent be extended GIS technology in agriculture; make a little contribution to enrich the research contents of urban agriculture, to strengthen the implementation of the Xi'an international metropolis construction to provide some reference for urban agricultural resources protection and provide a theoretical basis for the ecological environment, Xi'an city of the future development of urban and rural coordination, and even to the Guanzhong Tianshui The economic development and planning of the economic zone can be used for reference.
Through the research and analysis, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. Xi'an urban agriculture ecological security overall upward trend, during the 2000 -2011 year, Xi'an urban agriculture overall situation of ecological security rose from 0.388 to 0.551. of Xi'an metropolitan area to implement agricultural energy saving and emission reduction, the ecological environment continues to improve, strengthen the agricultural nonpoint source pollution control, reduce agricultural waste much of the destruction of the ecological environment; the innovation ability of agricultural science and technology continue to enhance and improve the agricultural ecological security index of the city.
2. Xi'an urban agriculture ecological security situation presents obvious spatial differentiation characteristics of the ecological security index is lower than the central city and surrounding areas, the city population brings urban residents per capita residential area reduction, land resource stress, water resources per capita and the possession is the lack of ecological security index decrease; agricultural ecological security status of urban presentation from north to South gradually trend, regional ecological environment conditions of Southern good, rich natural resources, the government of Qinling Mountains to increase the development of modern urban agriculture is the main reason.
3.2000-2011 Xi'an urban agriculture ecological security situation is better than better. The deterioration of regional regional areas are mainly concentrated in the northern Qinling Mountains area, is the main natural resources in this area have the advantage in Qinling Mountains is richly endowed by nature, along the highway and convenient transportation, the establishment of agricultural science and technology demonstration park, agricultural tourism sector formation, ecological security is improved; the downtown area and Xianyang area, mainly due to the deterioration of the ecological security situation is the lack of urban agricultural cultivated land resources in the city, increase in the number of population in the city, the per capita water resources decline, production and life of pollutants on the destruction of the ecological environment, the urban agriculture ecological security situation has not improved, but worse.
4. Xi'an urban agriculture level overall situation: Population Security Enhancement from the core of the metropolitan area to the surrounding area; resource security is mainly affected by itself resources and build international metropolis, the core area of Xi'an Lianhu District, Beilin District, New District, Yanta District, Baqiao district and Lantian County, in the lower; Weiyang. Lintong district is on the rise; the level of development of city safety and environment, the core area of metropolitan New City, Beilin, Lianhu District safety degree was very low; the closer distance from the core areas such as Yanta District, Baqiao District, Weiyang District, Weicheng district environmental safety in reduced; no change in the rest of the district security level; the social security of economic development and regional economic development, the number of resources is closely related to the development of regional economy is backward, relatively low level of development, such as Liquan County, Jingyang County; natural resources are scarce area development It is also relatively backward, such as the core of the metropolitan area.
The prediction analysis of 5. Xi'an Urban Agriculture: with the advance of time, the total agricultural ecological security index of urban rising state, in 2020 for 0.582030 years to 0.602040 years to 0.632050 years is 0.70; from the ecological security classification, by 2050, the ecological security level has been relatively safe, and from the state into "safe" state.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F327;F205

【参考文献】