制度与观念：城镇化与农民工家庭的住房消费选择

发布时间：2018-01-04 01:12

本文关键词：制度与观念：城镇化与农民工家庭的住房消费选择　出处：《浙江师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城里买房还是返乡盖房?这是城镇化进程中许多农民工家庭面临的住房消费选择。在社会转型中,市场这只“看不见的手”不断将农民工家庭推向城市房地产市场,而“另一只看不见的手”又牢牢地将农民工家庭的住房消费固定在乡土家园之中。那么,在不断加速的城镇化进程中,究竟是哪些因素在推动着农村社区的住房消费?本文尝试通过田野调查与相关数据,从制度变迁与观念转型两方面,探讨城镇化与农民工家庭住房消费选择之间的内在联系。通过研究我们发现,在制度变迁的背景下,农民工进入城镇工作,但是在劳动力市场中获得的收入并不高,这些收入不足以长期承担他们在城镇中租住高质的住房,更难以使他们购买高价的商品房,市场机制不能满足农民工的住房需求。然而,城镇社区的再分配机制对于不拥有城市户口的农村进城务工者的住房问题几乎不做考虑。这二者对那些怀抱城市新生活梦想的农民工形成了一股强大的推力,将他们推到城市居住空间之外。于是,在市场化带来的非农收入与农村社区的免费宅基地使用权制度的拉动下,我国农村社区兴起了住房消费热。结合其他资料与上述发现我们可以推论,在城镇社区中,城市规模不断扩大,许多城市居民拥有两套以上房产,然而大量的农民工与农民处于劳动力市场与商品房市场竞争中的弱势地位,并且被排斥在住房再分配机制之外。这些新进入城市的人口,消费不起商品房,不仅买不起而且租不起,这就造成了一些城市楼盘成为了无人居住的“鬼城”。新增城市人口不能在这里进行正常的生活,最起码的居住问题都不能解决,随时可能离开或返乡。城镇化的进程也因此随时可能反复。农民工与他们的家人,在城市中进行生产活动,却在农村中进行住房消费,并形成了住房消费潮,这无疑是与传统的城镇化进程相悖的。然而从观念转型的角度出发来看,我们发现农村住房消费潮与城镇化并不完全形成悖论。农村住房消费潮其实正是以个人主义与消费主义为特征的城市生活方式进入农村地区的一个重要的反应。农民进城打工、生活或者通过各种媒体习得了新的个人主义与消费主义的价值观念,但在市场与再分配制度的影响下农民其实无法真正在城市中践行这种新的观念,而“返乡盖房”则是在社会结构变迁这一只看不见的手的操纵下,在当前城镇化的情景中农民工家庭所做出的一种理性消费选择。在消费主义的影响下,农民工将城市生活方式引入到农村场域中更为廉价地践行原本遥不可及的城市生活方式。总之,在消费主义与个人主义的影响下,中国再也不是原先的“乡土中国”,这不仅体现在传统意义上的城镇化的发展,更为重要的是体现在城市生活方式进入到传统的乡村社会之中,乡村地区生活方式出现现代转型。值得注意的是,将城市生活方式引入到传统的乡村社区之中的主体的是在传统城镇化路径中处于困境的农村居民,这与西方的“逆城镇”进程中产阶级将城市生活方式引入农村有着很大的区别的。
[Abstract]:It is the housing consumption choice faced by many migrant workers ' families in the process of urbanization . In the transformation of society , the " invisible hand " continuously pushes the family of migrant workers into the urban real estate market , while the other invisible hand firmly holds the housing consumption of migrant workers ' families in the country ' s home . In this paper , in the process of accelerating urbanization , what are the factors driving the housing consumption of rural communities ? This paper attempts to explore the relationship between urbanization and the choice of household housing consumption of migrant workers through field investigation and related data . Through the research , we find that under the background of institutional change , migrant workers enter town work , but the income obtained in the labor market is not high . These incomes are not enough for them to buy high - priced housing for a long time , and the market mechanism cannot meet the housing demand of migrant workers . In combination with other materials and the above findings , we can conclude that in urban communities , the scale of cities is expanding , and many urban residents have more than two houses . However , large numbers of migrant workers and farmers are disadvantaged in the market competition of the commodity housing and are excluded from the housing redistributive mechanism . However , from the point of view of the transformation of concept , we find that the rural housing consumption trend and urbanization do not form a paradox . In fact , the rural housing consumption trend is an important reaction of the urban lifestyle characterized by individualism and consumption . However , under the influence of market and redistribution system , the farmer can ' t really practice the new concept in the city . In short , under the influence of consumerist and individualism , China is no longer the original rural China , which not only embodies the development of urbanization in the traditional sense , but also reflects the modern transformation of life style in rural areas .

【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.23

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