我国逆城市化现象研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 02:07

本文关键词：我国逆城市化现象研究　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1976年美国著名的城市规划设计师贝里首次在其论述中使用了“逆城市化”这一术语。当时,他敏锐地注意到美国城市发展中出现的交通拥挤、污染严重、犯罪增长等问题,致使城市社会的人口重心发生变化,即城市人口逐渐向城市郊区或更远的乡村转移,大城市内部趋于空心化,城市发展陷于迟滞状态。贝里用“逆城市化”一词就是来描述发达国家城市发展过程中城市内部出现的人口重心发生转移这一现象。然而这里的“逆”,并不是城市人口的农村化,而是指由于大城市中心人口过度集聚,引发城市问题的膨胀,人们不堪“城市病”的困扰,而开始逐步向城市郊区甚或乡村迁移,同时城市中心的部分工业、商业等经济活动也逐渐向周围蔓延、扩散。总之,逆城市化是相对城市化而言的,它并不是孤立存在的,是城市化发展到一定程度的必然趋势,它不仅是一个城、镇、村的“空间”问题,更重要的是,它是由经济(产业结构和经济发展的城乡互补)、人口(流动转移及逆反)、生态和资源的动态协调等方面综合构成的。 20世纪60年代,我国就出现了大规模的逆城市化现象,这主要是有受国际关系影响的我国赶超战略导向、国家户籍政策及其相关政策的限制和大规模的上山下乡以及生产力发展水平等因素的影响,不是城市化自然发展到一定程度后出现的结果。并且,这些逆城市化的现象在后来城市化进程中得以修正,是一种暂时的、不具根本意义的逆城市化现象。因此,本文在这里所谈及的逆城市化现象,是改革开放以后,我国城市化进程加快,出现了一种与城市化在人口结构上的集聚效应相悖的人口回流现象。实际上,我国逆城市化的研究尚未得到国家和地方的足够重视。目前,随着中国大城市普遍的“城市病”和城市环境的不断恶化,中央已越来越重视小城镇和新农村的建设,希望以此来分解人口在城市的集聚对城市发展带来的巨大压力。在这一宏观背景下,如何发挥逆城市化在城市可持续发展中的重要调节作用,具有越来越重要的理论研究与实践价值。因此,本文论述的出发点是我国的逆城市化现象,重点是对逆城市化现象的描述、类型分析以及相关原因的剖析,关键点是立足我国逆城市化现象,提出有针对性的、有建设性的能有效地加快我国整体的城市化进程的政策建议。随着与城市化进程同步增长的逆城市化进程的不断加快,以及逆城市化研究重要性的不断提升,国家和地方应充分重视到逆城市化研究的重要性并加大相关的重视力度。借助“逆城市化”的力量,可以全面加深我们对城市化进程的理解,使城市化尽可能的规避在西方国家大规模出现的“城市病”,促使中国农村的城市化,包括农业产业化、农村村镇建设等,使农村和城市互相促进,达到城市一体化的良好的聚落环境,加快城乡统筹发展。
[Abstract]:In 1976 the famous city planning designer Berri for the first time in its use of "inverse city" this term. At that time, he is keenly aware of the development of the city traffic congestion, pollution, crime growth and other issues, resulting in heavy social change of the city population, the city population gradually to the city the suburbs or more rural areas, big city become hollow, city development in the state. Berri used the "inverse hysteresis city" is a word to describe the inner city city development in developed countries in the process of the population center of this phenomenon. However, here the "inverse" is not the city population in rural areas but, due to the large population of the city center city agglomeration, expansion triggered by the people over the "urban diseases" problems, and gradually began to migrate to the outskirts of the city or village, the same Part of the industrial city center, commercial and other economic activities gradually spread around diffusion. In short, the city is a city of inverse relative terms, it does not exist, is the development of the city to a certain extent inevitable trend, it is not only a city, town, village of "space" and more importantly, it is the economy (complementary urban and rural industrial structure and economic development), population (transfer and reverse), ecological resources and dynamic coordination integrated.
In 1960s, China appeared the phenomenon of inverse city scale, this is mainly a strategic orientation in China to catch up with the influence of international relations, the influence factors of national household registration policy and related policy restrictions and the scale of the countryside as well as productivity, not natural to the development of the city to some extent after the results. Also, the inverse phenomenon of the city can be modified in the city later in the process, is a temporary phenomenon, the inverse of the city has the basic meaning. Therefore, the phenomenon of inverse City talking about here, is after the reform and opening up, China's city urbanization, the emergence of a cluster contrary to the effect of population flow phenomenon and the city in the population structure.
In fact, China's research on the city inverse enough attention has not been national and local. At present, with the Chinese big city of universal "urban diseases" and city environment worsening, the central government has more and more attention to the construction of small towns and new rural areas, hoping to bring the huge pressure of population decomposition to the development of the city in the city agglomeration. In this background, how to play the important role in the regulation of inverse urbanization in the city sustainable development, has the theory and practice of more and more important value. Therefore, the starting point of this paper is the phenomenon of inverse city of our country, the focus is on the inverse city phenomenon description, type analysis analysis and related reasons, the key point is based on our country's inverse city phenomenon, put forward targeted and constructive can effectively speed up China's city of the whole process of policy recommendations.
With the growth and the accelerating process of city synchronous inverse city process, and constantly enhance the importance of the research on inverse City, state and local governments should fully realize the importance of the city and increase the inverse related efforts. With the "inverse city" can deepen our comprehensive strength, the development of the city understanding of the city as much as possible to avoid large-scale emergence in western countries "urban diseases", promote the China in rural areas of the city, including agricultural industrialization, rural construction, the rural city and promote each other, to achieve the integration of the city a good settlement environment, accelerate urban and rural development.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.2

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