我国城市化进程中耕地保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-05 23:31

本文关键词：我国城市化进程中耕地保护制度研究　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市化是经济社会发展的必然过程,是引起社会变革、促使社会生产和社会生活由农村型向城市型转化的巨大动力。城市化的发展给农村地区带来的变化是巨大的,它促进了整个农村地区的土地朝着规模化、集约化方向发展,使更多农村地区的经济发展起来,改善了农村地区贫穷落后的面貌。但也正因为城市化发展进程中对土地的粗放利用模式导致了农村地区面临着耕地数量大量减少、耕地质量下降的严峻形势。当前我国面临着耕地面积减少、人均耕地面积远远低于世界平均水平的严峻形势。耕地是我国粮食稳定的前提,耕地一旦得不到保护将会直接影响到我国的粮食安全。我国自古以来就是农业大国,人口又是世界之最,我国的粮食安全地位如果受到威胁的话,将会直接影响到我国十三亿人口的温饱问题以及我国在整个国际中的地位。近年来我国一直不断的加大力度对耕地进行保护,出台了一系列的政策法规来规范城市化进程中对农村耕地的保护和利用。通过这些政策法规的实施形成了土地用途管制制度、耕地占补平衡制度、基本农田保护制度、征地补偿制度、土地流转制度等在内的耕地保护制度。这些耕地保护制度通过限制建设用地占用耕地、禁止农用地转为非农用地、提高耕地的数量和质量、严格规范土地征收行为、鼓励土地经营权流转等手段来控制耕地的减少以及加强耕地的利用率。国家通过这些制度的实施,在耕地保护方面取得了很大的成效：控制了我国耕地面积总体减少速度,守住了我国“十八亿亩”耕地保护红线。但是在这些制度的实施下,我国耕地保护过程中仍然还出现了一些问题。本文重点介绍了在耕地保护制度下对耕地产生最主要影响的几方面问题：包括国家制定的土地利用总体规划在执行中存在偏差,与相关规划无法协调衔接导致的耕地不合理利用和破坏；基本农田被闲置或用作其他非农用途导致了大量的耕地资源被浪费；土地征收过程中一些耕地被违法占用,参与和补偿机制的不透明导致政府与群众间矛盾激化,进一步阻碍了耕地的保护；农村土地使用权流转过程中一些地方出现以流转为名,对耕地进行实质意义上的“圈地”行为以及出现“非农化”的倾向,在追求大规模土地流转的同时忽视了家庭经营的重要性,不利于耕地的保护。这些问题都直接导致了耕地的减少和破坏,使耕地得不到有效的保护。在此,本篇文章通过介绍了城市化与耕地保护问的重要联系,借鉴国内外城市化进程中对耕地保护采取的措施,通过对耕地保护制度上出现的问题进行的分析并对其进行合理的构建。通过对城市化进程中耕地保护制度的研究,进一步加强城市化进程中对耕地的有效保护。
[Abstract]:The city is the inevitable process of economic and social development, is caused by social transformation, great driving force for social production and social life from the countryside to the city. The development of the city changes to rural area is large, it promotes the rural area land toward large-scale, intensive direction. The more the economic development of rural areas, improve the appearance of the poor and backward rural areas. But because of extensive land use patterns in the process of city development in the rural area is faced with a lot of reducing the amount of cultivated land, arable land quality decreased. The current our country faces the reduction of arable land per capita arable land area is far. Under the grim situation of the world average. The cultivated land is the premise of China's grain stable, once cultivated land are not protected will directly affect the food security of China. Since China Since ancient times, it is a large agricultural country, and the population is the most in the world. If China's food security status is threatened, it will directly affect the one billion and three hundred million people's food and clothing problem and the position of our country in the whole world.
In recent years, China has continuously intensified the protection of arable land, issued a series of policies and regulations to regulate the city in the process of rural land protection and utilization. The land use control system through the implementation of these policies and regulations, the balance of arable land system, basic farmland protection system, land expropriation compensation system of cultivated land the protection system, land transfer system. The arable land protection system of cultivated land occupied by limiting construction, prohibited agricultural land into non-agricultural land, improve the quantity and quality of cultivated land, strictly regulate the land expropriation behavior, encourage land management rights transfer and other means to reduce control farmland and enhance the arable land utilization rate. Through the implementation of these systems, has made great achievements in the protection of arable land: the control of China's arable land to reduce overall speed, hold China's "one billion and eight hundred million acres "The red line of cultivated land protection. But under the implementation of these systems, there are still some problems in the process of cultivated land protection in China."
This paper introduces several problems in farmland protection system under the main influence on cultivated land: including the national land use planning there is a deviation in the implementation, coordination and planning can connect to the unreasonable use of land and the destruction of basic farmland; be idle or used for other non-agricultural use leads to a large amount of cultivated land resources be wasted; some cultivated land in the process of land expropriation by the illegal occupation, participation and compensation mechanism of opaque resulted in the intensification of the contradiction between the government and the masses, further hindered the protection of farmland; some parts of rural land use right transfer process in order to transfer the name of farmland is the essence of the "enclosure" and "non agriculture" the tendency, in the pursuit of large-scale land circulation while ignoring the importance of family business, is not conducive to the protection of cultivated land. These The problems are a direct result of reduction and destruction of arable land, the arable land is not effectively protected. In this, this article through the introduction of a major link between city development and farmland protection question, take reference to the protection of cultivated land at home and abroad in the process of city measures by analyzing the emergence of problems on the cultivated land protection system and carries on the reasonable construction. Through the research on the city of cultivated land protection system in the process, to further strengthen the city in the process of farmland protection.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.3;F299.21;F323.211

【参考文献】