基于基尼系数的东中西部收入差距测算及原因分析

发布时间：2018-01-12 02:37

本文关键词：基于基尼系数的东中西部收入差距测算及原因分析　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济高速增长伴随着地区收入差距扩大是世界各国普遍存在的问题,我国也不例外。1978年改革开放后沿海地区的快速增长带动了我国整体经济的快速增长,同时我国居民收入差距也在不断的扩大,其中地区间的收入差距已成为党中央、国务院甚至普通群众都十分关注的现实问题。选择何种指标衡量我国地区收入差距、如何测算该指标、造成我国地区收入差距的原因及如何缩小地区收入差距一直是研究学者关注的问题。本文对比分析了衡量收入差距的指标,包括洛伦兹曲线(Lorenz curve)、基尼系数(Gini Coefficient)、库兹涅茨比率(Kuznetz ratio)、泰尔指数(Theil index)、变异系数、绝对极差、贫困指数(Poverty Index)、沃尔夫森“极化指数”和Aktinson指标,然后比较各指标的优缺点,最终选择基尼系数作为衡量地区收入差距的工具。采用基尼系数衡量我国地区收入差距的意义有两点：第一,基尼系数作为国际上衡量收入差距的一个综合性指标,我国国家统计局仅在2004和2013年发布过这一数据,官方数据少之又少；第二,官方公布的数据与其他组织测算的基尼系数有所差距,双方争议比较大。本文希望通过准确测算我国不同地区的基尼系数,弥补以上两种缺憾,客观反映我国地区收入差距的问题。国内外学者一直在探索如何准确测算基尼系数的方法,国外学者运用的方法主要包括：几何方法、基尼系数平均差法、协方差法和矩阵法等；国内学者的方法包括：基尼系数分解法、分组加权法、五分法、人口分布换算法、收入分布函数法等。以计算简便、缩小误差的原则,本文选择2003年、2006年、2008年中国综合社会调查的数据作为样本,首先分地区进行数据处理得到累积频率和收入的分布,接着选择广义逻辑斯蒂函数进行地区收入分布函数的拟合,最后采用程永红、糜仲春推导的公式测算基尼系数。根据测算结果可以看出,2003年至2008年我国东部地区基尼系数较为稳定,中部地区与西部地区波动幅度较大；三个地区里西部地区基尼系数最大,中部地区最小：综合来看中部与西部地区基尼系数的总体趋势是向东部地区靠近的。接着,在东、中、西三个地区基尼系数的基础上对地区收入差距影响因素进行分析,采用统计年鉴中2000年至2010年的数据作为样本数据,根据条件趋同经典方程进行回归分析,得出造成我国地区收入差距的因素有初期人力资本水平、出口水平、市场化程度和固定资产投资等原因,其中市场化程度与初期人力资本水平是造成地区收入差距的主要因素。最后,虽然国外收入差距产生的原因、解决措施与我国的情况有所不同,但在很多方面能够借鉴并且为己所用。例如在设立区域政策目标时首先考虑缩小地区经济差距,同时政策上对落后地区倾斜并进行经济扶持,加强人口和劳动力在地区间的合理流动,增加落后地区的教育投入等。本文在总结国外解决地区收入差距的相关经验的基础上,对解决我国地区收入差距问题给出了一些建议。
[Abstract]:Economic high - speed growth is accompanied by the widening income gap in the region , which is a common problem in all countries of the world . The rapid growth of the coastal area after the reform and opening up in 1978 has led to the rapid growth of the whole economy of our country . At the same time , the income gap in our country has become the reality of the central government , the State Council and even the general public . How to measure the income gap in our country , how to measure the indicator , and how to reduce the income gap in the region has been a concern of the researchers . In this paper , the indexes of the income gap are analyzed , including the lorentz curve , the permeability coefficient , the net z ratio , the Thom index , the coefficient of variation , the absolute difference , the poverty index , the polarization index and Aktinson index , then compare the pros and cons of each index , and finally select the coefficient as a tool to measure the regional income gap . There are two points to measure the difference between China ' s income gap in China . First , it is a comprehensive index to measure the income gap internationally . The national statistical office of our country has published this data only in 2004 and 2013 , and the official data is very small ; secondly , the data published by the official and other organizations have a gap , and the dispute between the two parties is relatively large . This paper hopes to make up for the above two shortcomings by accurately calculating the basis factor in different regions of our country , and objectively reflecting the problem of the income gap in our region . The methods of how to accurately measure the coefficient of Koniki have been explored by scholars at home and abroad . The methods used by foreign scholars mainly include : geometric method , basic coefficient mean difference method , covariance method , matrix method , etc . The methods of domestic scholars include : Koniki coefficient decomposition method , grouping weighting method , five - point method , population distribution conversion method , income distribution function method , etc . It can be seen from the measurement results that the bedrock coefficient in the eastern part of China is stable from 2003 to 2008 , the fluctuation of central region and western region is relatively large , the west region of the three regions is the largest , and the central region is the smallest : the general trend of the central and western regions is close to the east . Then , the factors of regional income gap are analyzed on the basis of the factors of the regional income gap in the east , middle and west regions . By using the data from 2000 to 2010 in the statistical year as the sample data , the factors that cause the income gap in our country are analyzed by regression analysis , and the factors that cause the income gap in our country are the initial human capital level , the export level , the degree of marketization and the investment of fixed assets , among which the degree of marketization and the initial human capital level are the main factors that result in the regional income gap . Finally , although the causes of income gap in foreign countries are different , it can be used for reference and used in many ways . For example , when setting up regional policy goals , we should first take into account the narrowing of the regional economic gap , meanwhile , to strengthen the rational flow of the population and the labor force in the area , increase the educational investment in the backward area , etc . This paper gives some suggestions to solve the problem of income gap in China .

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F124.7;F224

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