投资项目的资源利用效率评价及决策方法的完善

发布时间：2018-01-13 11:49

本文关键词：投资项目的资源利用效率评价及决策方法的完善　出处：《太原理工大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：环境是人类生存的基本条件,是物质资料来源的基础,也是发展生产、繁荣经济不可或缺的条件。随着现代工业社会的发展,尤其是改革开放以来,我国投资规模不断扩大,经济获得迅速增长,各项建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,但是也付出了巨大的资源和环境代价。企业的生产经营活动给社会带来了物质财富的同时,也伴随着不可忽视的环境问题,主要体现在环境污染、资源浪费以及生态破坏等方面,原因在于企业决策者一般只关心企业的投入和产出,投资回报率等问题。在传统的项目投资决策方法,例如净现值法、内含报酬法、现值指数法等,只考虑投资项目对企业财务状况和经营成果的影响,没有将环境因素纳入其中加以考量。在现实生产经营活动中,许多企业忽视环境成本和环境效益,以及循环经济条件下的资源利用,其所作出的投资决策不利于环境业绩的改善,不利于企业长远的可持续发展。如果所执行的投资决策存在较大的环境风险,对环境可能造成较大的不利影响,就会危害人类社会与自然的和谐统一。所以,评价项目资源利用效率,优化企业投资决策的方法显得尤为重要。基于此,本文将环境因素货币量化并将其纳入了NPV模型中进行分析评价。本文主要包括四个部分：首先明确了资源利用效率和环境投资决策的相关概念及理论,同时对投资决策方法与资源利用进行了文献综述,为本文奠定了理论与实践的基础。其次,阐述了项目资源利用效率评价及环境因素货币量化的必要性,另外还详细解释了进行货币量化的主要方法与依据。然后基于对意愿调查法和直接市场法的理解,将其运用于太原市污泥处置中心工程项目,来量化项目所产生的环境成本与环境收益,并与净现值法结合,达到完善传统投资决策方法的目的。最后,对优化后的方法存在的不足进行了探讨,并提出了相关的建议。本文利用意愿调查法将太原市污泥处置中心工程的环境成本货币量化,其数额为27.7万元/年,并且通过SPSS回归分析,该数额与被采访者的收入,健康状况等因素有关。同时,利用较为直观的直接市场法,将项目的环境收益量化为1293.19万元/年,使得该项目的净现值大幅度增加。通过对比是否加入环境因素的投资决策分析,可以看出该项目对于环境保护方面,有较大优势,并且能为企业带来真正的经济利益。所以,基于对传统投资决策方法的完善,并成功运用于具体项目,希望能为投资决策方法的研究带来帮助,并希望通过努力,能达到经济、环境和社会的协调发展。
[Abstract]:Environment is the basic condition of human existence, is the basis of the source material, but also the development of production, economic prosperity indispensable conditions. With the development of modern industrial society, especially since the reform and opening up, China's economy continues to expand the scale of investment, rapid growth, the construction has made remarkable achievements, but also paid a huge resources and environmental costs. The production and business activities of enterprises has brought wealth to the society at the same time, along with the environmental problems can not be ignored, mainly reflected in the environmental pollution, waste of resources and ecological damage, because the enterprise decision-makers concerned only with the input and output of enterprises, investment return rate.
In the traditional project investment decision methods, such as net present value method, payment method, present value index method, only consider the investment project impact on the enterprise's financial position and operating results, not to be considered. The environmental factors included in the real production and business activities, many enterprises ignore the environmental costs and environmental benefits, and circular economy under the condition of resource utilization, the investment decision making is not conducive to the improvement of environmental performance, is not conducive to the sustainable development of the enterprise. If the implementation of the long-term investment decision has greater environmental risk, which may cause adverse impact on the environment, it will endanger the harmony of human society and nature. Therefore, the utilization efficiency evaluation project resource optimization method of enterprise investment decision is particularly important. Based on this, this paper will quantify the environmental factors of currency and put it into the NPV model to analyze Evaluation. This paper mainly includes four parts: the first defines the related concepts of resource use efficiency and environmental investment decision making theory and at the same time, the investment decision method and resource utilization were reviewed, and laid the foundation of the theory and practice of this paper. Secondly, this paper expounds the necessity of project resource utilization efficiency evaluation and environmental factors of monetary in addition, a detailed explanation of the basis and the main method of monetary. Then based on the survey method and direct method to understand the market, will be applied to the Taiyuan municipal sludge disposal center project, the environmental costs and environmental benefits to quantify the generated by the project, and combined with the net present value method, to improve the traditional investment the decision making method. Finally, shortcomings of the optimized method is discussed, and puts forward relevant suggestions.
This paper will survey method the environmental cost of monetary center project of Taiyuan municipal sludge disposal, which amounts to 277 thousand yuan / year, and through SPSS regression analysis, the amount and the respondent's income, the factors related to health status. At the same time, using the direct market method is more intuitive, the environmental benefits for quantitative project 12 million 931 thousand and 900 yuan / year, the net present value of the project greatly increased. By comparing whether to join the environmental factors investment decision analysis, we can see that the project for the protection of the environment, have a greater advantage, and for enterprises to bring real economic benefits. Therefore, to improve the traditional method of investment decision based on the successful application and in the practical project, to help bring hope to study the investment decision method, and hope that through our efforts, to achieve the coordinated development of economy, environment and society.

【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F283;F205

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