代际支持对城镇中老年人口劳动参与行为的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 03:40

本文关键词： 中老年人口劳动参与经济支持时间支持子女结构　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在人口老龄化和延迟退休年龄的社会背景下,退休、养老和老年劳动供给问题受到越来越多的关注。然而,传统的研究将老年人视为独立的个体,主要从其个人特征、社会保障等方面进行分析。而事实上,中老年人的劳动参与行为并不是单独的,还涉及到家庭内部的代际转移。越来越多的中老年人继续为成年子女提供经济支持和以照看孙子女为主要形式的时间支持。因此,本文研究中老年人的代际支持行为对其自身劳动参与的影响,并重点关注子女结构在其中的作用。首先,本文利用中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,采用probit模型和非线性分层模型(考虑地区的异质性),分析了子女结构(数量和性别)对城镇中老年人口劳动参与行为的影响。实证结果表明,子女总数量的增加会降低中老年个体劳动参与的可能性,而儿子数量的增加会消减这种影响。子女结构如何影响中老年人口的劳动参与?本文进一步基于代际支持的视角,对这一现象的作用机制进行探讨。在估计方法上,本文使用面板随机效应模型(纠正个体异质性),probit联立方程组和probit工具变量法(解决代际支持和劳动参与的内生性问题),系统地估计了中老年人的经济支持、时间支持行为对其自身劳动参与的影响,并从父母和子女层面共同探讨了代际支持行为的决定因素。分析结果表明子女结构的差异会通过影响中老年人口代际支持的方式和强度,进而影响其劳动参与行为：①对子女的经济支持会增加城镇中老年个体劳动参与的可能性,而时间支持则会降低中老年劳动参与率；②子女数量的增多会降低中老年个体提供时间支持的可能性,但是儿子数量增多会消减这种影响,并且儿子数量的增加会显著提高经济支持的发生率；③相比于女儿,儿子更可能得到来自于父母的时间支持和经济支持；④经济支持和时间支持之间存在显著的正相关,中老年人代际支持行为对其劳动参与的影响方向取决于这两种作用的相对大小。基于研究结果,本文认为中老年人口的劳动参与行为与子女是密切相关的。当前年轻一代所面临的经济压力和带小孩压力,有相当部分转嫁到父母身上,进而影响了中老年劳动参与行为。发展社会化儿童看护和教育服务、拓宽年轻人经济支持来源使中老年人能够自主选择老后工作和生活,具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Retired in the aging population and the delayed retirement age under the social background, aged and elderly labor supply has attracted more and more attention. However, the traditional research on the elderly as an independent entity, mainly from the aspects of personal characteristics, such as social security analysis. In fact, the elderly labor force participation the behavior is not alone, also involves the intergenerational transfer inside the family. More and more old people continue to provide financial support and to take care of grandchildren as the main form of time support for adult children. Therefore, this paper studies the elderly intergenerational support behavior on the influence of their own labor participation, and focus on the structure of children the role of the Chinese. First of all, health and pension Survey (CHARLS) data, using probit model and nonlinear layered model (considering the heterogeneity of the region), analysis of the children The structure (number and gender) influence on the behavior of labor participation in urban elderly population. The empirical results show that the increase in the total number of children will reduce the possibility of labor participation of older individuals, and increase the number of sons may reduce this effect. Their structure affects the elderly population in the labor force participation? This paper based on the perspective of intergenerational support and discuss mechanism of this phenomenon. In the method of estimation, this paper uses the random effects panel model (correct individual heterogeneity), probit equations and probit (instrumental variable method to solve the endogeneity problem of intergenerational support and participation in the labor force), systematically estimate the elderly economic support, support time affect the behavior of its own labor participation, and from parents and children together to explore the determinants of the level of intergenerational support behavior. The analysis results show that the difference of children structure will Through the support of the elderly population in the intergenerational effects of pattern and strength, and then influence the participation behavior of children's economic support will increase the possibility of elderly individual labor participation in the town, and the time will be reduced in the elderly support labor participation rate; the number of children increased in older individuals will reduce the possibility of providing time support however, the increase in the number of sons will reduce the impact, and the increase in the number of sons will significantly improve the rate of financial support; compared to her daughter, son, are more likely to get support from the parents of the time and economic support; there is a significant positive correlation between economic support and time support, the elderly on intergenerational support behavior the relative size of the labor force participation effect depending on the direction of these two effects. Based on the research results, this paper thinks that in the elderly population in the labor force participation and behavior The female is closely related. The younger generation facing economic pressure and pressure to take care of, are passed on to the parents, thereby affecting the elderly participation behavior. The development of socialization of child care and education services, to broaden the source of economic support to young people in the old people can choose old after work and life is of great significance.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F299.21;F249.2

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