中国产业结构与就业结构的互动关系及就业政策研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 04:59

本文关键词： 产业结构就业结构协调发展就业政策　出处：《聊城大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国正处于经济转轨时期，产业结构也正在进行战略性调整。资本密集型、技术密集型产业比重逐渐上升，第三产业发展迅猛，新兴行业不断涌现。产业结构的调整与升级必然会影响到劳动力的就业结构，而就业结构是否合理、劳动力资源是否有效配置，也都会影响到产业结构的优化升级，二者有着紧密的联系。但是，在经济发展过程中，中国的产业结构与就业结构发展还很不协调，就业结构调整滞后于产业结构调整，以致产生了结构偏差。这不仅抑制了就业的增长，还影响了产业结构的优化升级，不利于经济社会的发展。中国的产业结构与就业结构存在偏差的主要原因有：一是政府政策过多倾向产业发展，缺乏对就业的考虑；二是户籍制度导致城乡劳动力分割，阻碍劳动力流动；三是城市化进程滞后导致第三产业发展不足，造成大量农村剩余劳动力滞留在第一产业而无法转移；四是产业的发展带来了技术进步，而技术进步对就业产生了挤出效应。要想促进产业结构与就业结构协调发展，，达到就业增长的目标，政府应从以下五个方面入手：第一，要正确处理好经济发展与就业增长的关系，实施有利于就业增长的经济发展战略，始终坚持经济发展与就业增长良性互动；第二，统筹城乡就业，建立一个统一、开放、竞争、有序的劳动力市场，改革户籍制度，促进劳动力合理有序转移；第三，优化产业结构，通过加快第三产业的发展来促进就业增长；第四，正确处理好劳动密集型与资本密集型、技术密集型产业发展的关系，发展具有中国特色的混合经济；第五，加大人力资本投资，通过强化职业培训来提高劳动者的自身素质，以满足的就业需求。
[Abstract]:China is in a period of economic transition, and its industrial structure is also undergoing strategic readjustment. The proportion of capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries is gradually rising, and the tertiary industry is developing rapidly. The adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure will inevitably affect the employment structure of the labor force, and whether the employment structure is reasonable or not, whether the labor resources are effectively allocated, will also affect the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. The two are closely related. However, in the process of economic development, China's industrial structure and employment structure development are still very inconsistent, the adjustment of employment structure lags behind industrial structure adjustment, resulting in structural deviation, which not only inhibits the growth of employment, Also affected the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, not conducive to economic and social development. The main reasons for the deviation between the industrial structure and the employment structure in China are as follows: first, the excessive tendency of government policies towards industrial development, lack of consideration for employment, second, the household registration system leads to the division of urban and rural labor force, hindering the labor force flow; Third, the lag of urbanization leads to the insufficient development of the tertiary industry, resulting in a large number of rural surplus labor stranded in the primary industry and can not be transferred; fourth, the development of industry has brought about technological progress, and technological progress has an crowding out effect on employment. In order to promote the coordinated development of industrial structure and employment structure and achieve the goal of employment growth, the government should proceed from the following five aspects: first, it is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between economic development and employment growth. To implement the economic development strategy that is conducive to employment growth and always adhere to the positive interaction between economic development and employment growth; second, to coordinate urban and rural employment, to establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly labor market, and to reform the household registration system. To promote the rational and orderly transfer of labor force; third, to optimize the industrial structure and promote employment growth by speeding up the development of the tertiary industry; and (4th) to correctly handle the relationship between labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, To develop the mixed economy with Chinese characteristics, in 5th, to increase the investment of human capital, to enhance the quality of the laborer by strengthening the vocational training, and to meet the employment demand.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F121.3;F249.2

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