中国劳动力市场性别工资差异研究

发布时间：2018-02-28 09:46

本文关键词： 劳动市场性别工资差异分位数回归工资分解　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：性别工资差异问题一直是劳动经济学研究的主题之一。在计划经济时期，性别工资差异较小。实行市场经济政策以后，性别工资差异越来越大，对其研究也越来越多。学者主要从人力资本角度、市场歧视角度和市场分割与补偿等角度来阐释性别工资差异的成因。但人力资本和性别歧视到底占了多大的作用？为此需要进一步进行计量回归。大多研究集中在均值和总量的研究，并不能度量不同收入分布上的不同。本文运用分位数回归模型，分析更深入更全面。随后利用改进后的Neumark工资均值分解和Melly分位数分解方法，进行均值工资分解和各个收入分布上的工资差异分解。在数据选取上，文章利用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）2011年最新数据，并对比2000年、2004年混合年份数据与2006年、2009年混合年份数据，更好的把握动态趋势。在2011年中，受教育程度和户口因素缩小了女性由人力资本导致的工资差距；工作年限、国有单位和集体事业单位显著拉大了男女人力资本导致的工资差异。与2011年工资分解情况相比，，2000年、2004年混合数据和2006年、2009年混合数据中的地区因素、受教育年限、军官运动员等特殊职业对其人力资本方面的工资差异影响较小；工作年限、管理人员和中高级技术人员对其影响较大。在均值分解和分位数分解中，性别歧视是导致工资差异的根本原因。性别工资总差异均呈现先上升后下降的趋势。分位数分解可知，2011年中等收入阶层性别工资差异最大，高收入阶层工资差异最小；2000年、2004年混合数据中高收入阶层工资差异最大，而2006年、2009年混合数据中低收入阶层工资差异最大。
[Abstract]:The gender wage gap has always been one of the themes of labor economics. During the planned economy period, the gender wage gap was small. After the implementation of the market economy policy, the gender wage gap became larger and larger. Scholars mainly explain the causes of gender wage difference from the perspective of human capital, market discrimination and market segmentation and compensation. But how much role does human capital and gender discrimination play? For this reason, further quantitative regression is needed. Most of the studies focus on the mean value and the total amount, and can not measure the differences in different income distribution. In this paper, the quantile regression model is used. The analysis is more thorough and comprehensive. Then, using the improved methods of Neumark average wage decomposition and Melly quantile decomposition, the average wage decomposition and the wage difference decomposition on each income distribution are carried out. Using the latest data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) on 2011, and comparing the data of 2000, 2004 mixed year and 2004 mixed year data, we can better grasp the dynamic trend. In middle of 2011, educational attainment and hukou factors narrowed the wage gap caused by women's human capital; the number of years they worked, The wage gap between men and women caused by human capital has been significantly widened by state-owned units and collective institutions. Compared with the wage breakdown in 2011, the regional factors in the mixed data of 2000, 2004 and 2004, and the years of schooling, Special occupations such as officers and athletes have little influence on the wage difference in human capital, while their working years, managers and senior technicians have a great influence on them. In the mean decomposition and quantile decomposition, gender discrimination is the root cause of wage difference. In 2000, 2004, the mixed data showed the highest wage difference, while in 2006, 2006, the mixed data showed the biggest difference.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.24

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