西安市新城市贫困与城市功能格局的时空耦合研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 01:31

本文选题：西安市　切入点：城市功能格局　出处：《陕西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济快速发展,农村城市贫困问题逐步缓解,城市三无人员得到安置,出现了以在岗低收入、下岗职工、流动人口为主体的新一类贫困人群,制约着城市的发展,而且增加速度快、结构更为复杂。新城市贫困问题的出现,已经引起了社会各界和学者们的高度关注,对新城市贫困现象出现的原因一直都是学者们研究的重点问题,城市的不合理发展无疑是新城市贫困出现的一个重要原因,同时新城市贫困现象的存在反过来制约城市的发展,并且随着时间的推移,二者之间的相互关系在发生着不断的变化。本研究以西安市城六区为研究区域,以行政区划上的街道为研究对象,选取1990年、2000年、2013年三个时间断面,通过文献搜集、规划部门的测量数据、地图数据、遥感数据、谷歌地图数据以及问卷调查数据,获取西安市1990、2000年、2013年三年的城市功能格局数据以及城市贫困的数据,通过定性与定量相结合的方法深入研究西安市新城市贫困与西安市城市功能格局之间的时空耦合关系,并根据二者之间的关系提出相应的反贫困建议。本文的研究成果主要包括以下三大部分：第一部分,通过对西安市常住居民的问卷调查的结果分析发现(1)城市贫困人口的集中出现了集聚一分散—再集聚的发展。(2)贫困的强度经历了由弱——强——弱的转变；贫困强度的格局由1990年的“放射性嵌套”格局,转化为2000年的由南向北递增的格局,到2013年演化为“放射状递增”的分布格局。(3)从户籍的整体分布情况来看,随着时间的推移,异地户籍为主的贫困人口的数量在持续增加,但到目前为止,西安市仍是以本地户籍的贫困人口为主；从格局演变来看,从1990年到2013年人口户籍的格局经历了由“三层同心圆”格局——“同心圆—两极”格局——“n型嵌套”格局的演变。(4)西安市贫困人口的学历较低,仍以初中为主,但是随着城市进一步发展,高学历贫困人口的比例在逐渐增大；从空间格局看,贫困人口学历分布的格局先后经历了“双轴线”格局——“同心圆”格局——“对角线”格局。第二部分,西安市作为13朝古都,城市历经了多次改造,使城市功能格局发生了变化。以建成区占本街道的用地比重为标准,将主城区划分为：城市核心区、城市扩展区和城市蔓延区。从城市扩展的方向可以看出,西安市主要以摊大饼的方式向外发展,1990年—2000年城市以东西向的扩展为主,扩展速度比较缓慢,且东部的发展速度快于西部,2000年到2013年城市以南北向的扩展为主,南部的发展速度较快,同时东南部和西南部的发展速度也较快。根据区位熵等定量研究,将西安市各街道的功能归为十种类型,即居住区、一类工业区、二类工业区、三类工业区、商业区、文教区、行政区、旅游区、复合功能区和均质混合功能区。研究表明城市功能格局由“一心、两轴、四区域”的格局——“一心、两轴、三环”格局——“复式九宫格局”。第三部分,研究发现西安市城市贫困与城市功能格局之间存在着交互耦合关系,主要从三方面来研究。(1)通过耦合协调度模型,定量计算二者之间的集聚扩散程度的时空耦合性,二者一直处于高度的耦合状态,1990年城市功能的集聚滞后于新城市贫困人口的集聚,2000年城市功能的集聚先于城市贫困人口的集聚,到2013年,二者同步发展,相互促进、相互制约。(2)通过脱钩、复钩指数模型,定量计算城市功能区与贫困人口数量的时空耦合关系。研究表明居住区、行政区和一类工业区内城市贫困人口的数量较少；商业区与贫困人口的关系由无关走向弱脱钩；文教区与贫困人口的关系由弱脱钩转化为弱复钩；二类工业区与贫困人口关系由弱复钩转化为扩张型复钩；三类工业区与贫困人口关系由扩张性复钩转化为强复钩；旅游区与城市贫困人口的关系有无关转向弱脱钩；复合类型区与贫困人口的关系由扩张性复钩转化为弱脱钩；均质混合区内,二者之间由扩张性复钩转化为强脱钩,贫困得到缓解。(3)通过acGIS图形叠加的方法,研究城市功能区类型与城市贫困类型的时空耦合状态。分别研究了城市功能类型与贫困强度、贫困人口户籍和贫困人口学历之间的时空耦合过程。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the rural poverty in the city gradually eased, city staff appeared to be resettled, in low income, laid-off workers, a new class of poor people as the main body of the floating population, restricting the development of the city, and increase the speed, structure is more complex. Poverty of new city. Has attracted great attention from all sectors of society and scholars, reasons of the new city of poverty has always been a key issue for scholars, the unreasonable development of the city is a new city of poverty appears an important reason, at the same time, the new city of poverty has restricted the development of the city, and along with the time over time, the relationship between the two in constant change.
In this study, six districts of Xi'an city as the study area, the administrative divisions on the street as the research object, from 1990, 2000, 2013, the three time section, through the literature collection, survey data, planning departments of the map data, remote sensing data, Google map data and questionnaire data, obtained in Xi'an city for 19902000 years, in 2013 three years of data and city function pattern of city poverty data, by combining qualitative and quantitative methods of in-depth study of the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between Xi'an city and Xi'an city new poverty function pattern, and puts forward some suggestions of anti poverty according to the relationship between the two. The results of this study includes the following three parts:
The first part, through a questionnaire survey of Xi'an residents of the results of the analysis showed that (1) city poverty focused on the emergence of a dispersion and agglomeration agglomeration. (2) the intensity of poverty experienced by the weak strong weak change; the poverty intensity pattern from 1990's "radioactive nested pattern" into 2000, increasing from south to North in 2013 as "evolution pattern, distribution pattern of radial increment. (3) from the overall distribution of residence, with the passage of time, the number of different household based poverty population continues to increase, but so far, Xi'an is still in the local household poverty population; from the pattern of evolution, from 1990 to 2013, the population of the household registration pattern experienced by the" three layer in a concentric circle pattern of concentric circles - polar pattern of "n type nested pattern algorithm . (4) the poverty of the population of Xi'an city is still in the low degree and junior high school, but with the further development of the city, the high degree of poverty population increases gradually; from the spatial pattern, distribution pattern of poor education has experienced "double axis" pattern of "concentric circle" pattern -- "diagonal" pattern.
The second part, as the capital of 13 dynasties in Xi'an City, after a number of renovation, the city function pattern is changed. The built-up area for the streets of the land proportion as the standard, the main city is divided into the core area of the city, city and city area expansion area. Spread propagation direction can be seen from the city, Xi'an the main way to develop outward pie, from 1990 to 2000 by the east-west extension of the main city, expansion speed is relatively slow, and the speed of development is faster than East West, from 2000 to 2013 in the city to the north and South extension, the development speed of the southern rapid development at the same time, the speed of the southeast and southwest is fast according to the quantitative study of location entropy, the streets of Xi'an city functions are divided into ten types, namely a kind of residential area, industrial zone, two industrial zone, three industrial zone, commercial zone, Cultural District, the administrative area, tourism area, composite function The study shows that the pattern of urban function is composed of "one heart, two axes, four regions" pattern -- "one heart, two axes, three rings" pattern -- "duplex nine palace pattern".
The third part, the study found that the coupling relation between Xi'an city and city poverty function pattern, mainly from three aspects to study. (1) through the coupling coordination degree model, spatio-temporal coupling degree of agglomeration and diffusion between the quantitative calculation of the two, the two has been in a state of high coupling, the function of city agglomeration in 1990 agglomeration lags behind the poverty population of the new city, in 2000 the city function poor concentration prior to 2013, the city agglomeration, the simultaneous development of the two mutual promotion and mutual restraint. (2) by decoupling the recoupling index model, quantitative calculation of coupling relationship between the number of city function areas with poor population. The results indicate that the residential area that small number of administrative regions and a class of industrial zone of city poverty population; the relationship between business district and the poor by unrelated to weak decoupling; the relationship between culture and education area and poverty by weak decoupling Into a weak complex hook; relations of the two industrial zone and poverty from weak complex into expansion type composite hook hook; the relationship between the three types of industrial areas and poverty by expanding into a strong complex complex hook hook; relationship between poor tourism area and the city has not turned to the weak decoupling relationship between composite type area and poverty; by population expansion negative into weak decoupling; homogeneous mixed zone between the two by expansive recoupling into strong decoupling, poverty has been eased. (3) through the method of acGIS graphic overlay, spatio temporal coupling type city function district and city poverty type state. The function and type of city poor strength of coupling process between the poor and the poor household education.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F129.9

【参考文献】