城镇化背景下洛阳建成区扩张与耕地动态变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 12:51

本文选题：城镇化 + 建成区　；参考：《郑州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城镇化是社会经济发展的必然，也是发展的重要途径，更是工业化、现代化的重要标志。20世纪90年代中期以来，我国城镇化率达到30%，，城镇化进入快速发展阶段。城镇人口急剧增加，规模迅速扩大，建设用地需求量大增。我国耕地总面积不到18.3亿亩，人均耕地面积1.38亩，仅为世界平均水平的40%，人均后备耕地资源0.1亩，严重不足。随着城镇化水平的提高，城镇扩张与耕地保护之间的矛盾不断加剧，如何在保障粮食安全的基础上，满足建设用地需求，实现土地的高效利用，促进城镇化的快速健康发展，成为我国城镇扩张研究的重点内容。本文以洛阳市区和偃师市为研究对象，以1980、1990、2000、2006和2013年五个时期遥感影像为基础数据，运用ENVI4.7、ArcGIS、Excel和MATLAB等软件，通过空间叠加、统计分析和灰色关联度计算等技术方法，对城镇化背景下洛阳建成区城镇扩张时空变化特征、驱动力分析以及偃师市建设用地扩张与耕地动态变化进行了研究。主要结论如下： 1、从数量增长、形态变化、扩张合理性、空间变化特征4个方面进行研究，发现洛阳市建成区扩张阶段性特征明显。 1980-2013年间，洛阳市建成区面积由91.29km2增加到226.24km2，1980-2000年低速扩张，2006-2013中速和快速扩张。1980年研究区城镇建设用地紧凑度较高，1980-1990年城镇扩张以外部延伸为主且扩张形态规则性较差；1990-2013年城镇扩张以边缘及内部填充为主，城镇扩张集中性增强。城镇扩张与人口增长不协调，1980-2000年城镇扩张远远赶不上人口增长对建设用地的需求，2000-2013年城镇扩张速度明显高于人口增长速度。1980-2013年洛阳建成区扩张表现为“周边外溢”、“跳跃发展”和“内部填充”等空间拓展模式。 2、从地形地貌、文化、“国家政策”、“社会经济”3个方面，总结出洛阳建成区布局发展特征及主要驱动力。地形地貌、河流水系、文化遗址等自然地理条件限制着城镇的发展与布局；城镇化率、人口增长、产业结构调整、居民收入水平、GDP以及固定资产投入等社会经济因素与城镇扩张关联度依次降低；国家政策和城市规划对城镇扩张有着重要的推动和引导作用。 3、通过对偃师市建设用地扩张速度、强度及模式变化研究，探讨建设用地扩张对耕地保护的影响。偃师市建设用地扩张总体强度不断上升由0.47增至0.79,建设用地扩张具有很强的空间集聚性，呈现出“一个中心，两条轴线”的空间变化模式，受地形和区位影响，扩张强度差异较为显著；1990-2006和2006-2013两个阶段，偃师市建设用地扩张占用耕地比例较大，分别为80.1%和93%，加剧了耕地保护的压力；针对研究区城镇扩张特点，提出了相应的耕地保护对策。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the necessity of the development of social economy and an important way of development. It is also an important symbol of industrialization. Since the mid-1990s of the 20th century, the urbanization rate in China has reached 30%, and urbanization has entered a stage of rapid development.The urban population increases rapidly, the scale expands rapidly, the demand for construction land increases greatly.The total area of cultivated land in China is less than 1.83 billion mu, the per capita cultivated land area is 1.38 mu, which is only 40 mu of the world average level, and the reserve cultivated land resource per capita is 0. 1 mu, which is seriously insufficient.With the improvement of urbanization level, the contradiction between urban expansion and cultivated land protection is becoming more and more serious. On the basis of ensuring food security, how to meet the demand of construction land, realize the efficient use of land, and promote the rapid and healthy development of urbanization.It has become the focus of the study of urban expansion in China.This paper takes Luoyang city and Yanshi city as the research objects, taking the remote sensing images of the five periods from 1980 to 1990 to 2000,2006 and 2013 as the basic data, using the software ENVI4.7 ArcGIS-Excel and MATLAB, through space superposition, statistical analysis and calculation of grey correlation degree, and other technical methods, such as spatial superposition, statistical analysis and calculation of grey correlation degree, etc.Under the background of urbanization, the spatial and temporal characteristics of urban expansion in Luoyang built-up area, the driving force analysis, and the dynamic changes of construction land and cultivated land in Yanshi City were studied.The main conclusions are as follows:1. From the four aspects of quantity growth, morphological change, expansion rationality and spatial change, it is found that the stage of expansion in Luoyang City is obvious.During the period 1980-2013,The area of the built area in Luoyang City was increased from 91.29km2 to 226.24km2 from 1980 to 2000. The low speed expansion in 1980-2000 and the moderate and rapid expansion in 2006-2013. The compact degree of urban construction land in 1980 study area is higher than that in 1980-1990. In 1980-1990, the urban expansion was mainly external extension and the form of expansion was not regular.The expansion is dominated by edge and internal filling.Urban expansion increased centrality.Urban expansion and population growth in 1980-2000 the urban expansion was far from keeping up with the demand for construction land by population growth. The rate of urban expansion in 2000-2013 was obviously higher than that in population growth. The expansion of the built area in Luoyang from 1980 to 2013 was characterized by "peripheral spillover".Space expansion models such as "jump development" and "internal filling".2. From the three aspects of topography, culture, national policy and social economy, the characteristics and main driving forces of the layout and development of Luoyang built-up area are summarized.The development and distribution of cities and towns are restricted by natural geographical conditions, such as topography, river system, cultural sites, urbanization rate, population growth, industrial structure adjustment, etc.The social and economic factors such as the income level of residents GDP and investment of fixed assets decrease in turn and the national policies and urban planning play an important role in promoting and guiding urban expansion.3. The influence of construction land expansion on cultivated land protection is discussed by studying the speed, intensity and mode change of construction land expansion in Yanshi city.The overall intensity of construction land expansion in Yanshi has been rising from 0.47 to 0.79. The expansion of construction land has a strong spatial agglomeration, showing a "one center, two axes" spatial change model, which is affected by topography and location.The difference of expansion intensity is significant (1990-2006 and 2006-2013). The proportion of cultivated land occupied by construction land expansion in Yanshi is 80.1% and 933% respectively, which intensifies the pressure of cultivated land protection, aiming at the characteristics of urban expansion in the study area.The corresponding countermeasures of cultivated land protection are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.21;F323.211

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