2010年中国服务业就业结构与城市规模关联研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 01:11

本文选题：服务业 + 城市规模　；参考：《首都师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市规模和城市职能是城市体系研究的两大方面。城市规模的扩张、国民经济的持续发展使得中国的第三产业超越第二产业而崛起,各领域学者兴起了对中国服务业的研究。论文基于中国2010年人口普查分县资料,立足于城市体系研究,将287个城市分为五个等级,15个服务业门类合并为十类,对中国的城市规模与服务业就业比重的关联、城市服务业职能专业化特征作了深入分析。论文也从各类服务业功能性质方面来解释了这种关联的成因。研究有以下结论：第一,服务业就业比重基本随城市规模的扩张而提高,但各等级城市组都存在一些特殊城市。就服务业功能性质而言,生活性服务业产业附加值低,直接面向居民,多为简单重复的劳动,对城市经济增长的促进作用非常小。因此五类生活性服务业在每个城市中都具有较高的就业比重,同时在各等级城市中的就业比重差异很小。生产性服务业产业附加值高,不直接面向居民,多为高技术产业,要求劳动力具有高水平专业素质,对城市经济增长的促进作用非常大。因此五类生产性服务业在城市中的就业比重较低,但是在各等级城市中的差异很大第二,各类服务业的就业结构在各类城市中的表现有所不同。科学、信息、文化三类服务业的最优回归模型均为二次项曲线,批发和零售业、金融业两类服务业的最优回归模型均为S形曲线,房地产业为对数曲线,租赁和商务服务业为幂曲线。某些低等级城市由于其地理位置、资源禀赋等条件,容易专业化于某一特定产业,囚此会在某一产业中具有较高的就业比重。城市等级越高,中心职能越强,各项服务业的发展都较为均衡,因此难以有就业比重特别突出的服务业。第三,各等级城市服务业的平均专业化水平基本随着城市等级的提高而提高。某些低等级城市由于某类产业特别发达,因此具有高的专业化水平。高等级城市组中缺少专业化水平特别突出的城市。就各服务业门类而言,五类生活性服务业的专门化率水平稳定,在各等级城市中差异小。五类生产性服务业在低等级城市中平均专门化率低,而在高等级城市中平均专门化率高,体现了服务业结构升级。随着城市等级提高,服务业的专业化结构有趋同化倾向。第四,以租赁和商务服务业、社会服务业、金融业、住宿和餐饮业、交通运输、仓储和邮政业五类服务业为专业化部门的城市,主要是中小城市。以批发和零售业为专业化部门的城市,多为轻工业制造业发达的城市。以房产、科学、文化、信息为专业化部门的城市,平均人口数量较大,城市等级都比较高。
[Abstract]:City scale and city function are two aspects of urban system research.With the expansion of the city scale and the sustained development of the national economy, the tertiary industry of China has surmounted the secondary industry, and scholars in various fields have raised the research on the Chinese service industry.Based on the data of the 2010 population Census of China, and based on the study of urban system, 287 cities are divided into five grades and 15 service categories are merged into ten categories, which is related to the scale of cities and the proportion of employment in the service industry in China.The characteristics of functional specialization of urban service industry are analyzed in depth.The paper also explains the causes of this connection from the functional nature of various service industries.The findings of the study are as follows:First, the proportion of employment in service industry increases with the expansion of urban scale, but there are some special cities in all urban groups.As far as the functional nature of service industry is concerned, the value added of living service industry is low, it is directly facing residents, and most of them are simple and repetitive labor, which has very little effect on promoting urban economic growth.Therefore, the five kinds of living services have a higher proportion of employment in each city, and there is little difference in the proportion of employment among different levels of cities.The producer service industry has high added value, not directly facing the residents, and most of them are high-tech industries, which require the labor force to have a high level of professional quality and play a very important role in promoting the urban economic growth.As a result, the proportion of the five types of producer services in urban employment is relatively low, but there are significant differences among different levels of cities.Second, the employment structure of various service industries is different in different cities.The optimal regression models of science, information and culture are all quadratic curves, the optimal regression models of wholesale, retail and financial services are all S-shaped curves, and the real estate industry is logarithmic curves.Leasing and business services are power curves.Because of its geographical location and resource endowment, some low-grade cities are easy to specialize in a particular industry, which will have a higher proportion of employment in a certain industry.The higher the city grade, the stronger the central function, and the more balanced the development of each service industry, so it is difficult to have the service industry with outstanding employment ratio.Thirdly, the average specialization level of urban service industry in different levels is improved with the improvement of city level.Some low-grade cities have a high level of specialization because of the development of certain industries.There is a lack of specialized cities in high-level urban groups.For each service category, the specialization rate of the five kinds of living services is stable, and the difference is small in different cities.The average specialization rate of the five types of producer services is low in the low-grade cities and high in the high-grade cities, which reflects the upgrading of the service industry structure.With the improvement of the city grade, the specialized structure of service industry tends to converge.Fourth, cities with specialized services, including leasing and business services, social services, finance, accommodation and catering, transportation, warehousing and postal services, are mainly small and medium-sized cities.Wholesale and retail trade as a specialized sector of the city, mostly light industry manufacturing developed cities.Cities with real estate, science, culture and information as specialized sectors have a larger average population and higher levels of cities.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F719;F249.2;F299.2

【相似文献】