离岸服务外包对国内就业的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 21:44

本文选题：离岸服务外包 + 就业量　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国际产业的转移,全球经济的格局发生了变化,从最初的高能耗、低效率的传统制造业向低污染、高附加值的现代服务业转移。离岸服务外包作为现代服务业转移的主体形式,已然成为现时期全球经济增长的新引擎。由于离岸服务外包具有科学技术含量大、高附加值、低污染、低能耗等品质,可以吸纳到更多高素质人才就业。因此,发展离岸服务外包对于一个国家产业结构和就业结构的改善有着重要的意义。中国作为世界上人口最多的国家,劳动人口众多,使得我国的就业压力很大。在国家十二五规划纲要中,解决劳动力就业问题,尤其是高校毕业生的就业始终是政府关注的焦点。中国作为离岸服务外包的主要发包国和承接国,理清离岸服务外包对国内就业的影响,对于缓解中国就业矛盾和优化就业结构,有着重要的现实意义。本文以此为关注点展开研究,分为以下五个部分：第一部分为绪论。主要介绍了本文研究的背景、目的和意义,以及本文可能的创新之处和不足。本文的创新之处主要体现在以下三点：首先,关于离岸服务外包的研究虽多,但大多集中于离岸服务外包发展的动机原因、以及离岸服务外包带来的经济效应等理论层面上,而就离岸服务外包对就业的影响进行实证分析的研究则较少。其次,从发达国家的视角进行探讨,离岸服务外包就业效应的研究很多,但少有学者从发展中国家的视角,对离岸服务外包的就业效应进行研究。并且,就国内离岸服务外包就业效应的研究,多数研究集中在对外服务发包对就业量的影响分析上,关于对外服务承接对就业结构的影响分析甚少。最后,本文构建了一个分析离岸服务外包对一国就业量和就业结构的影响机制理论模型,为更好地分析离岸服务发包和离岸服务接包对我国就业市场的影响提供一个平台。为此,本研究以中国离岸服务外包作为研究对象,立足于国内服务行业现实就业数据,从发包国和承接国的角度,分别就中国离岸服务外包对国内就业量和就业结构的影响进行理论和实证方面的分析。旨在经济全球化和国际产业转移的背景下,为中国如何积极的利用离岸服务外包来促进就业提供理论依据。第二部分为文献综述和理论分析部分。本章首先对外包、服务外包的概念和分类作了界定,旨在明确本文相关研究对象。继而从发包国和承接国的视角,对国内外学者关于离岸服务外包就业效应的相关文献进行了回顾。从研究成果来看,更多研究着眼于离岸服务外包对一个国家就业数量的影响,关于离岸服务外包对就业结构的影响研究较少。并且,关于离岸服务外包对发包国就业数量的影响尚未达成统一结论,但越来越多的学者认为,离岸服务外包对就业的影响很小,并基本肯定了服务外包对长期就业市场有着正向促进作用；关于离岸服务外包对承接国就业数量的影响,普遍学者认为,承接离岸服务外包对一国就业存在正的效应。最后,在此基础上,笔者总结了离岸服务外包对一国就业量以及就业结构的影响机制,为下文的分析奠定理论基础。第三部分是定性研究部分。在这一部分中,笔者将对全球和中国离岸服务外包以及中国国内就业市场的发展现状进行分析。首先通过离岸服务外包发展的总体概况和市场结构两个方面来分析全球和中国离岸服务外包产业的发展现状。对比可以发现,尽管近年来在国家政府的大力扶持下,中国离岸服务外包产业得到了长足发展,市场规模逐年递增,现已成为继印度后,全球第二大离岸服务外包承接地。但是,由于我国离岸服务外包产业起步较晚,与发达国家相比,还存在很大差距,主要表现在离岸服务外包规模较小,离岸服务外包业务多为中低端产业,离岸服务外包企业整体竞争力不足等等。继而从就业市场的宏观层面和服务行业的微观层面,对国内就业市场现状进行分析。尽管中国经济一直在快速增长中,就业人数持续增加,但工作岗位缺口始终存在,就业市场劳动供给大于需求。由于服务行业吸纳劳动力的能力最强,从业人员素质较高,对经济增长的贡献度最大。因此,作为现代服务业,应大力扶持中国离岸服务外包产业的发展,以促进国内就业。第四部分为实证论证部分。通过柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,推导出就业需求的理论模型。根据研究的目的,笔者分别建立离岸服务外包对中国就业量和就业结构影响的计量模型,并采用2005、2007和2010年中国16个服务行业的面板数据,借助于eviews6.0统计软件进行回归。实证结果表明,无论是离岸服务接包还是发包,对我国就业数量有着正向促进作用。并且,随着承接离岸服务外包和离岸服务发包规模的扩大,可以吸纳到更多熟练劳动力层面的就业,从而有利于我国就业结构的改善。因此,从促进就业和改善就业结构的角度来讲,回归结果从一个侧面说明了在经济全球一体化发展过程中我国继续对外服务发包和承接离岸服务外包的必要性和重要性。第五部分为文章的结尾。基于上述部分的描述和结论可知,从长期来看,发展离岸服务外包产业是缓解我国就业矛盾,优化就业结构的重要途径。因此,为促进我国离岸服务外包产业更好更快地发展,发挥离岸服务外包的就业扩展效应,对于政府来说,应坚持服务行业开放合作的战略,加大扶持力度,为离岸服务外包企业营造良好的商务市场环境。此外,由于离岸服务外包是知识密集型产业,故对知识产权的保护尤为重要,对此应给予重视；对于企业来说,要注重人力资本积累,提升自主创新能力,增强国际竞争力,并依托产业示范园区,打造离岸服务外包产业集群,以期促进我国离岸服务外包产业更好更快地发展,发挥离岸服务外包的就业扩展效应。
[Abstract]:With the transfer of international industry, the structure of the global economy has changed, from the original high energy consumption and low efficiency traditional manufacturing industry to low pollution and high value-added modern service industry. Offshore service outsourcing, as the main form of modern service transfer, has become a new engine for the current global economic growth. With the quality of science and technology, high added value, low pollution, low energy consumption and so on, it can absorb more high-quality talents. Therefore, the development of offshore service outsourcing is of great significance to the improvement of the industrial structure and employment structure of a country. As the most populous country in the world, China has a large number of labor and makes China In the national planning program of 12th Five-Year, solving the problem of labor employment, especially the employment of college graduates, is always the focus of the government. China, as the main outsourcing country and undertaking country of offshore service outsourcing, clarifies the impact of offshore service outsourcing on domestic employment, so as to alleviate the contradiction and optimization of employment in China. The employment structure is of great practical significance. This article will focus on the following five parts:
The first part is the introduction. It mainly introduces the background, purpose and significance of this study, as well as the possible innovations and shortcomings of this article. The innovation of this article is mainly reflected in the following three points: first, there are many studies on offshore service outsourcing, but most of the reasons are focused on the reasons for the development of offshore service outsourcing and offshore service outsourcing. On the theoretical level of economic effect, there are few empirical studies on the impact of offshore service outsourcing on employment. Secondly, from the perspective of developed countries, there are many studies on the employment effect of offshore service outsourcing, but few scholars study the employment effect of offshore service outsourcing from the perspective of developing countries. In addition, in the study of the employment effect of domestic offshore service outsourcing, most of the research focuses on the analysis of the impact of external service delivery on the amount of employment. There is little analysis on the impact of foreign service undertaking on employment structure. Finally, this paper constructs an analysis of the impact mechanism theory of offshore service outsourcing on the employment and employment structure of a country. In order to provide a better analysis of the impact of offshore service delivery and offshore service delivery on the employment market in China, this study takes China offshore service outsourcing as the research object, based on the real employment data in domestic service industry, and from the perspective of the country and the undertaking country, the offshore service outsourcing of China to the country. The influence of employment and employment structure is analyzed theoretically and empirically. In the context of economic globalization and international industrial transfer, it provides a theoretical basis for China to actively utilize offshore service outsourcing to promote employment.
The second part is the literature review and the theoretical analysis. This chapter first defines the concept and classification of outsourcing and service outsourcing, and aims to clarify the relevant research objects in this paper. Then, from the perspective of the country and the undertaking country, the relevant literature on the employment effect of offshore service outsourcing is reviewed by domestic and foreign scholars. More research focuses on the impact of offshore service outsourcing on the number of jobs in a country. There is little research on the impact of offshore outsourcing on employment structure. And the impact of offshore outsourcing on the number of employment in the country has not been reached, but more and more scholars believe that offshore service outsourcing has a small impact on employment. And basically affirmed that service outsourcing has a positive effect on the long-term employment market, and on the effect of offshore service outsourcing on the number of employment in the undertaking country, the general scholars believe that the offshore service outsourcing has a positive effect on the employment of a country. Finally, on this basis, the author summarizes the employment of offshore service outsourcing to one country and the same. The influence mechanism of industrial structure lays a theoretical foundation for the following analysis.
The third part is the qualitative research part. In this part, the author will analyze the current situation of the global and China offshore service outsourcing and the domestic employment market in China. First, the development status of the offshore service outsourcing industry in the world and China is analyzed through the overall situation of the offshore service outsourcing development and the market structure in two aspects. The contrast can be found that, despite the strong support of the state government in recent years, the offshore service outsourcing industry in China has been greatly developed and the market scale is increasing year by year. It has now become the second largest offshore service outsourcing undertaking in the world after India. However, because of the late start of the offshore service outsourcing industry in China, it still exists compared with the developed countries. The large gap is mainly manifested in the small scale of offshore service outsourcing, the offshore service outsourcing business as the middle and low end industries, the overall competitiveness of the offshore service outsourcing enterprises, and so on. The current situation of the domestic employment market is analyzed from the macro level of the employment market and the micro level of the service industry. In the rapid growth, the number of employment continues to increase, but the job gap is always existing, and the labor supply in the employment market is greater than the demand. As the service industry has the strongest ability to absorb the labor force, the quality of the employees is higher and the contribution to the economic growth is the greatest. Therefore, as a modern service industry, China's offshore service outsourcing industry should be strongly supported. Exhibition to promote domestic employment.
The fourth part is an empirical part. Through the Cobb Douglas production function, a theoretical model of employment demand is derived. According to the purpose of the study, the author sets up a measurement model of the impact of offshore outsourcing on the employment and employment structure of China, and adopts the panel data of 16 service industries in China in 20052007 and 2010, with the help of e Views6.0 statistical software is used to return. The empirical results show that both offshore service delivery and delivery have a positive effect on the number of employment in China. And, with the expansion of offshore service outsourcing and the expansion of offshore services, it can absorb more skilled employment, and thus benefit the employment structure of our country. Therefore, from the perspective of promoting employment and improving the employment structure, the regression results show the necessity and importance of continuing the outsourcing of foreign services and undertaking offshore service outsourcing in the process of global economic integration.
The fifth part is the end of the article. Based on the description and conclusion of the above part, it is known that, in the long run, the development of offshore service outsourcing industry is an important way to alleviate the employment contradiction and optimize the employment structure. Therefore, to promote the offshore service outsourcing industry to develop better and faster, and give full play to the employment expansion effect of offshore service outsourcing, In the case of the government, we should adhere to the strategy of open and cooperative service industry, increase support and create a good business market environment for offshore service outsourcing enterprises. In addition, because offshore service outsourcing is a knowledge-based industry, it is particularly important to protect intellectual property rights, and should pay attention to it. For enterprises, we should pay attention to human capital. Accumulating, improving the ability of independent innovation, enhancing international competitiveness, and relying on the industrial demonstration park to build the offshore service outsourcing industry cluster, in order to promote the offshore service outsourcing industry to develop better and faster, and give full play to the employment expansion effect of offshore service outsourcing.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F249.21

【参考文献】