异质型人力资本对我国区域经济增长影响的实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 17:12

本文选题：异质型人力资本 + 区域经济增长　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪60年代，美国经济学家舒尔茨创立了人力资本理论，从而开辟了理论界对人力资本与经济增长关系研究的崭新思路。该理论指出：人力资本，即人的知识、能力、健康等，这些因素的提高对经济增长的贡献，比日益增长的物质、劳动力数量的增加，显得更为重要。现代人力资本理论的相关研究也直指人力资本对经济增长的作用机制，研究发现不同类型的人力资本对经济增长的作用机制不同。随之，人力资本作为独立的生产要素被纳入经济增长模型之中。而异质型人力资本作为一种特殊的人力资本，在知识经济时代，对经济增长的作用日益凸显。本文依据“提出问题-界定问题-理论分析-实证分析-总结讨论”的思路，从对异质型人力资本的内涵界定、形成机理、计量测度等基础研究出发，理论上分析了异质型人力资本对经济增长的三大作用机制及影响机理，并在联合作用机制下，建立了一个既能表征异质型人力资本的技术创新和技术模仿作用，又能表征其对经济增长最终产出作用的一个较为复杂的生产函数模型，实证分析了我国总量异质型人力资本对经济增长的作用情况，分区域研究了异质型人力资本对我国东、中、西部地区经济增长的作用情况，进一步分析了造成区域间经济增长差异的原因，并给出相关结论和政策建议。研究发现，异质型人力资本是一种具有边际报酬递增生产力属性的人力资本，它主要通过教育和干中学途径形成。传统的通过受教育年限对异质型人力资本的计量方法不能全面刻画其边际报酬递增的生产力属性，而本文加入的新指标——学历指数，从知识累积效应的角度为解决这一问题提供了新方法。通过对实证结果进行对比分析和总结归纳得出：总量异质型人力资本及我国东、中、西部地区不同类型异质型人力资本对无论是全国还是各地区经济增长都具有显著影响。从全国来看，异质型人力资本正通过技术创新和最终产出作用于我国经济增长，且其技术创新作用已显现出对经济增长的巨大潜能。从区域来看，东部地区的经济增长主要依靠高等教育程度的人力资本通过技术创新产生推动作用；中部地区主要依靠中、高等教育程度的人力资本与资本等要素的有效配合通过最终产出作用于经济增长；而西部地区则通过初等教育程度的人力资本作用于最终产出和高等教育程度的人力资本促进技术创新，双效拉动经济增长。研究发现：几乎所有地区高等教育程度的人力资本，通过技术进步促进经济增长，而初等教育程度的人力资本则不通过，且后者明显对技术进步存在一定程度的阻碍作用。因此，建议地方政府在利用有限资源对教育进行投资时，应将资源合理地分配到各级教育中。具体地，首先要不断加强我国中、高等教育程度的人力资本投资，中等教育应在扩大规模的基础上继续巩固加强，而高等教育的发展应从扩大规模向提高教育质量转移。其次，要引导和推动人力资本的合理流动，提高人力资本配置效率，在配置过程中，要着力提高研发部门中，，高等教育程度的人力资本比率，同时，增加最终产品生产部门中，中等教育程度的人力资本占比。最后，通过加强区域间的合作与交流，建设人力资本制度环境等，充分发挥各层次人力资本的空间外溢性，从而促进区域经济的均衡协调发展。
[Abstract]:In 1960s, American economist Schultz founded the theory of human capital, which opened up a new way of thinking about the relationship between human capital and economic growth. This theory points out that human capital, that is, human knowledge, ability, health, and so on, the contribution of these factors to economic growth is more than the growing material, labor force. The related research of modern human capital theory also directly refers to the mechanism of human capital's effect on economic growth. It is found that different types of human capital have different mechanisms of action on economic growth. Accordingly, human capital is incorporated into the economic growth model as an independent factor of production. As a special kind of human capital, force capital plays a more and more important role in economic growth in the era of knowledge economy.
This paper, based on the idea of "putting forward questions - definition problem - theoretical analysis - Empirical Analysis - summary discussion", is based on the basic research on the definition, mechanism and measurement of heterogeneous human capital, and theoretically analyzes the three mechanism and mechanism of heterogeneous human capital to economic growth and the mechanism of joint action. At the same time, it establishes a technology innovation and technology imitating function which can not only characterize the heterogeneous human capital, but also characterizing a more complex production function model of its effect on the final output of economic growth. It empirically analyses the application of the total amount of human capital to the economic growth in China, and studies the heterogeneous human capital in the sub region. On the role of economic growth in East, middle and western regions of China, the reasons for the differences in economic growth between regions are further analyzed, and relevant conclusions and policy suggestions are given.
It is found that the heterogeneous human capital is a kind of human capital with the property of increasing marginal returns, which is formed mainly through education and secondary school. The index of academic degree provides a new method to solve this problem from the point of knowledge accumulation effect. Through the comparative analysis and summary of the empirical results, it is concluded that the different types of human capital of the total amount of human capital and the different types of human capital in the East and the West are significant to the national or regional economic growth. From the national point of view, the heterogeneous human capital is acting on China's economic growth through technological innovation and final output, and its technological innovation has shown great potential for economic growth. From the region, the economic growth of the eastern region depends on the technological innovation of human capital in the higher education process. In the middle area, the effective cooperation between the human capital and the capital of higher education is mainly dependent on the final output. In the western region, the human capital in the final output and the degree of higher education can promote technological innovation through the human capital of the primary education, and the economic growth is driven by double effect. It is found that the human capital of higher education in almost all regions promotes economic growth through technological progress, while the human capital of primary education is not passed, and the latter has a certain degree of hindrance to technological progress.
Therefore, it is suggested that local governments should allocate resources rationally to all levels of education in the use of limited resources for education. In particular, we should strengthen human capital investment in the middle and higher education levels in our country. Secondary education should continue to consolidate and strengthen on the basis of expanding the scale, and the development of higher education should be expanded from the rules of expansion. Second, we should guide and promote the rational flow of human capital and improve the efficiency of human capital allocation. In the process of allocation, we should improve the human capital ratio in the R & D department and the degree of higher education. At the same time, the ratio of human capital to the middle education level in the final product production department is increased. We should strengthen cooperation and exchange among regions, build up the environment of human capital system and so on, give full play to the space spillover of human capital at all levels, so as to promote the balanced and coordinated development of regional economy.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.21;F127

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