连锁企业设施定位—路线安排问题优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 07:43

本文选题：连锁 + 配送系统　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：物流作为第三利润源在连锁企业竞争中显得愈发关键。配送系统是连锁企业经营的基本保障。配送系统的响应速度及成本与企业的收益直接相连。高效的配送服务可以大幅度提高连锁企业的收益并一定程度上降低物流成本。因此对连锁企业配送系统的规划研究具有现实意义。连锁企业配送是为保证对各连锁门店的销售供应而建立的一种特殊的综合物流形式，是“配”和“送”有机结合的产物。连锁企业配送系统主要包括三个方面的决策问题：设施选址问题、库存控制问题以及车辆路线选择问题。这三个决策问题密切相关且彼此牵制，分别隶属于企业经营中的战略层、战术层、运作层，存在效益背反的关系。配送中心是配送系统的中转枢纽，连接连锁企业的总部与各连锁门店。设施选址问题影响配送的服务能力，一定程度上决定了连锁企业的配送效率。连锁企业的需求不确定就要求库存的存在。库存使企业能够自由支配采购或是销售的策略，从而避免不必要的库存成本以及因库存不足带来的经济损失。配送过程中的具体路线选择关系到企业的运作成本，选择合理的运输线路可以减少无效位移，为企业节省成本。现如今集成化物流已经成为物流发展的新趋势。定位-运输路线安排问题是集成化物流环境下一个重要的研究问题。这一问题可以描述为：已知一系列客户点的位置及需求量，，给定潜在设施点的数量及位置，在满足一定的约束条件下从中确定能够服务客户点的设施数量及位置，同时给出从潜在设施点与对应客户点的运输路线，总的目标一般是费用最小。总费用主要包括设施的建设成本、运作成本以及车辆固定成本、运输成本等。配送系统的基本目标都是追求总成本最低与客户满意度最大。本文基于当前连锁企业的运作特点及存在问题，从物流系统集成化的角度研究了连锁企业的配送中心定位选址以及配送路线选择问题。首先，介绍了本文所研究问题的背景及意义，对研究现状进行了详细的评述并阐明论文研究的必要性。其次，阐述相关的理论基础，论述了典型的定位-路线安排问题的概念及模型，在借鉴国内外专家学者对定位-运输路线安排问题的研究基础之上，构建了考虑库存情况下的多配送中心定位-路线安排问题的数学模型,并通过两阶段组合启发式算法进行模型的求解工作。最后，实证研究部分通过分析长春市欧亚连锁超市的配送运作现状,运用本文所构建模型及算法求解对欧亚连锁超市配送系统进行优化研究,得出相关结论证明所建模型的实用性。这一理论成果可以为连锁企业配送系统的规划提供借鉴和指导。
[Abstract]:Logistics, as the third profit source, is becoming more and more critical in the competition of chain enterprises. Distribution system is the basic guarantee of chain enterprise management. The response speed and cost of the distribution system are directly related to the income of the enterprise. Efficient distribution service can greatly increase the profit of chain enterprises and reduce logistics costs to a certain extent. Therefore, the study of chain enterprise distribution system planning has practical significance. Chain enterprise distribution is a special comprehensive logistics form which is established to guarantee the sales and supply of chain stores. It is the product of organic combination of "match" and "delivery". Chain enterprise distribution system mainly includes three aspects of decision-making: facility location problem, inventory control problem and vehicle route selection problem. These three decision problems are closely related and contain each other, which belong to the strategic, tactical and operational layers respectively. Distribution center is the transit hub of distribution system, connecting the headquarters of chain enterprises with the chain stores. The problem of facility location affects the service ability of distribution and determines the distribution efficiency of chain enterprises to a certain extent. Chain enterprise demand uncertainty requires the existence of inventory. Inventory enables enterprises to control their purchasing or sales strategies, thus avoiding unnecessary inventory costs and economic losses due to insufficient inventory. The choice of specific route in the distribution process is related to the operation cost of the enterprise. Choosing a reasonable transportation line can reduce the invalid displacement and save the cost for the enterprise. Nowadays, integrated logistics has become a new trend of logistics development. Positioning-transportation routing is an important research problem in integrated logistics environment. This problem can be described as: the location and demand of a known series of customer points, the number and location of a given number of potential facility points, and the number and location of facilities that can serve customer points under certain constraints. At the same time, the transportation route from the potential facility point to the corresponding customer point is given, and the overall goal is generally to minimize the cost. The total cost includes the construction cost, operation cost and vehicle fixed cost, transportation cost and so on. The basic goal of distribution system is to pursue the lowest total cost and maximum customer satisfaction. Based on the operational characteristics and existing problems of current chain enterprises, this paper studies the location and location of distribution centers and the selection of distribution routes of chain enterprises from the perspective of integration of logistics systems. Firstly, the background and significance of the research are introduced, and the present situation of the research is reviewed in detail and the necessity of the research is clarified. Secondly, it expounds the relevant theoretical basis, discusses the concept and model of the typical location-route arrangement problem, on the basis of drawing lessons from the domestic and foreign experts and scholars' research on the location-transportation route arrangement problem. A mathematical model of location-routing problem for multi-distribution centers considering inventory is constructed, and a two-stage combined heuristic algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, the empirical research part through the analysis of Changchun Eurasian chain supermarket distribution operation status, using this model and algorithm to optimize the Eurasian chain supermarket distribution system. Relevant conclusions are obtained to prove the practicability of the model. This theoretical achievement can provide reference and guidance for chain enterprise distribution system planning.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F721.7;F252

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