陕西信合小额信贷运行模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 08:35

本文选题：陕西信合 + 小额信贷　；参考：《延安大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：小额信贷近几年在陕西农信社取得了平稳地发展，但是“三农”巨大的资金需求缺口问题依然是国家重视的焦点。随着人们对土地规模化、机械化经营趋势发展需求日渐上升，小额信贷“贷款难，难贷款”问题不断凸显，使得对现有小额信贷运行模式提出创新的呼声不断高涨。而从小额信贷运行的实际情况和陕西信合近些年在小额信贷运行所投入的力度来看，其改革已经成为一种必然趋势。党中央的几次经济工作会议的一号文件都提到了“三农”资金提供问题，从而把农村金融机构的往后发展指明了方向。虽然小额信贷起源于国外并存在诸多实践经验，，但由于作为我国运行小额信贷主力军的农信社在组织结构和市场定位的特殊性，使得小额信贷在中国又表现出不同的运行效果。陕西信合现行小额信贷运行模式各个环节的不完善和滞后性逐渐显现出来。现行的小额信贷运行模式已经不能满足现代经济背景下“三农”群体对于资金的需求。严重阻碍着小额信贷进一步发展壮大。为了更好的使得小额信贷在陕西信合推向前进，成为农村经济主力军，对其现行运行模式进行改革创新就显得势在必行。而改革的整个过程比较发杂，它涉及到涉农补贴政策、担保问题、非金融服务、监管主体和方式等多个内容。本文在借鉴国外小额信贷发展模式和理论的基础上，从分析陕西省“三农”经济和涉农政策以及陕西信合小额信贷具体运行实践的基础出发，对现行小额信贷运行模式进行深刻分析，其中就现行农户联保贷款模式和个人信用担保贷款模式，以及现行模式存在的问题等进行详细的说明，从改变为数不多的涉农补贴资金直接发放到户的做法为切入点，将涉农资金其积少成多，集中力量办大事，构建出“涉农补贴专项资金+小额信贷”的信贷运行新模式，最终就所暴露出的问题提出了相关对策与建议。而新模式将涉农款项集中起来重要用作小额信贷业务发生时的两个用处：首先为涉农贷款提供比例担保，担保不足部分由借款人向农信社提供；其次为取得涉农贷款资金的农户提供一种非金融服务，主要包括产前培训、产中技术指导以及产后的产品销售等问题。尽管涉农资金在产前产中产后给予了帮扶，但是单纯从非金融服务帮扶的角度而言，农户不能单纯的完全依靠涉农资金所起到的作用，在这一方面，应该遵循“农户自寻出路为主，政府帮扶为辅”的基本思路。
[Abstract]:Microfinance has developed steadily in Shaanxi Rural Credit Cooperative in recent years, but the problem of "three rural areas" huge fund demand gap is still the focus of national attention. With the increasing demand for the scale of land and the increasing demand for mechanized management, the problem of "difficult and difficult loans" in micro-credit has become increasingly prominent, which makes the demand for innovation of the existing mode of micro-credit to be rising. From the point of view of the actual situation of micro-credit operation and the intensity of Shaanxi Xinhe's investment in microfinance operation in recent years, its reform has become an inevitable trend. The first document of several economic work conferences of the Party Central Committee all mentioned the issue of providing funds for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, thus pointing out the direction for the future development of rural financial institutions. Although microfinance originated from foreign countries and has many practical experiences, because of the particularity of the organization structure and market orientation of the rural credit cooperatives, which are the main force of running micro-credit in China, the micro-credit has different operating effects in China. Shaanxi Xinhe current microfinance operation mode of each link is imperfect and lagged gradually appear. The current mode of microfinance can not meet the needs of the "agriculture, countryside and farmers" groups under the background of modern economy. A serious obstacle to the further development of microcredit. In order to make the micro-credit advance in Shaanxi Xinhe and become the main force of rural economy, it is imperative to reform and innovate its current operation mode. However, the whole process of reform is complicated, which involves agricultural subsidy policy, guarantee, non-financial services, the main body and the way of supervision and so on. On the basis of drawing lessons from the development mode and theory of foreign micro-credit, this paper starts from the analysis of the "three rural" economy and agriculture-related policies in Shaanxi Province, as well as the concrete operation practice of Shanxi Xinhe micro-credit. This paper makes a profound analysis of the current mode of micro-credit operation, and explains in detail the current mode of peasant household's UNPROFOR loan and the mode of personal credit guarantee loan, as well as the problems existing in the current mode. From the point of view of changing the small number of agricultural subsidy funds directly distributed to households, we will accumulate a small amount of agriculture-related funds, concentrate our efforts on major issues, and construct a new mode of credit operation of "agriculture-related subsidies special funds, micro-credit". Finally, the paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions on the exposed problems. And the new model centralizes the agriculture-related funds as two important uses when the micro-credit business occurs: firstly, it provides the proportion guarantee for the agriculture-related loans, and the insufficient part of the guarantee is provided by the borrowers to the rural credit cooperatives; Secondly, it provides a kind of non-financial service for the farmers who obtain the agricultural loan funds, including antenatal training, technical guidance in the production and postnatal product sales and so on. Although agriculture-related funds have been given assistance in prenatal and postnatal production, from the perspective of non-financial services alone, farmers cannot simply rely solely on the role played by agriculture-related funds. In this respect, We should follow the basic idea of "peasant households seeking their own way out and government helping them as auxiliary".
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.35;F832.4;F224

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