中国承接国际服务外包的就业效应研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 12:29

【摘要】：90年代以来,随着信息技术的不断推进,越来越多的企业为了更好地专注于自身的核心优势、降低经营成本,开始采取外包这一新兴商业模式,服务外包在全球范围内蓬勃发展。作为一个新兴的产业经济形态,国际服务外包的兴起提出了许多新的研究课题,其中就业效应是一项重要内容。当前我国已经发展成为全球第二大服务外包承接国,那么国际服务外包是否对我国的劳动力市场产生重要影响?具体通过哪些途径影响我国的就业?是否具有优化就业结构的作用? 基于上述问题,本文首先简单梳理了外包的相关概念,确定了本文就业效应的研究范围,并分别从发包国和承接国的角度对国内外有关国际服务外包与就业关系的研究进行文献综述；接着,介绍了一些国际服务外包影响就业的理论背景和理论模型。进而从直接效应和间接效应对承接国际服务外包影响就业的作用机制进行系统分析,认为间接效应主要包括技术溢出、资本流入和产业升级效应。然后选取了中国1997-2012年相关变量的时间序列数据,通过协整分析方法对我国承接国际服务与三次产业就业、高技能劳动力就业、高技能劳动力与低技能劳动力就业的相对比重、第三产业就业比重进行了实证分析。实证结果表明,承接国际服务外包对第一产业就业有负向作用,对第二产业就业和第三产业就业有一定的促进作用,尤其是对高技能劳动力就业促进作用明显。长期来看,服务外包通过直接途径和间接途径能够促进高技能劳动力与低技能劳动力就业的相对比重和第三产业就业比重的提升。最后,根据研究的基本结论提出了发展服务外包促进就业、优化就业结构的建议措施。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s, with the development of information technology, more and more enterprises begin to adopt outsourcing as a new business model in order to better focus on their core advantages and reduce operating costs. Service outsourcing is booming around the world. As a new industrial economic form, the rise of international service outsourcing has put forward many new research topics, among which the employment effect is an important content. At present, China has developed into the second largest service outsourcing country in the world, so does international service outsourcing have an important impact on our labor market? Through what ways does it affect the employment of our country? Does it play a role in optimizing the structure of employment? Based on the above problems, this paper first briefly combs the related concepts of outsourcing, and determines the scope of the study of the employment effect in this paper. From the point of view of the contracting country and the receiving country, this paper makes a literature review on the relationship between international service outsourcing and employment at home and abroad, and then introduces some theoretical background and theoretical models of the influence of international service outsourcing on employment. From the direct effect and indirect effect, this paper systematically analyzes the mechanism of taking international service outsourcing to affect employment, and points out that indirect effect mainly includes technology spillover, capital inflow and industrial upgrading effect. Then, the paper selects the time series data of China's 1997-2012 related variables, and analyzes the relative proportion of China's international service and three industrial employment, high-skilled labor force and low-skilled labor employment through cointegration analysis. The third industry employment proportion has carried on the demonstration analysis. The empirical results show that undertaking international service outsourcing plays a negative role in the employment of the primary industry and promotes employment in the secondary industry and the third industry, especially in the employment of the highly skilled labor force. In the long run, service outsourcing can promote the relative proportion of high-skilled labor force and low-skilled labor force and the employment proportion of tertiary industry through direct and indirect ways. Finally, according to the basic conclusions of the study, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to develop service outsourcing to promote employment and optimize employment structure.
【学位授予单位】：厦门大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F249.2

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