中国城镇化建设中宏观问题与对策研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 17:27

【摘要】：当前，我国城镇化发展迅速，城镇功能、社会福利水平日趋提高，是我国城镇化建设的一个相对高度，当然，发展的同时也面临着诸多社会问题：城镇化建设不协调、整体结构不合理、承载能力有限、城镇环境恶化、社会矛盾凸显，城乡结构不合理等现象。之所以会造成这些现象，是因为我国城镇化的发展阶段不高，其显现出来的社会效果复杂，，同时也跟我国的国情和社会制度有关，特别是土地制度、人口迁移制度、社会规划、国家财政体制、社会公共服务机制等尚未健全，一些尖锐的社会矛盾亟待解决。城镇化是现代化的必由之路。工业革命以来的经济社会发展史表明，一国要成功实现现代化，在工业化发展的同时，必须注重城镇化发展。当今中国，城镇化与工业化、信息化和农业现代化同步发展，是现代化建设的核心内容，彼此相辅相成。工业化处于主导地位，是发展的动力；农业现代化是重要基础，是发展的根基；信息化具有后发优势，为发展注入新的活力；城镇化是载体和平台，承载工业化和信息化发展空间，带动农业现代化加快发展，发挥着不可替代的融合作用。2014年初，《国家新型城镇化规划》已顺利出台。2013年底先后举行的中共中央政治局会议和中央城镇化工作会议均提出，要制定实施好国家新型城镇化规划。长期以来，我国的城镇建设存在着一种畸形发展趋向，就是城镇建设资本过度集中投入在城市中心区域，建筑密度过高，且城市规划过于突出强调“线性规整”，不但最好的商业、文化、娱乐设施过于集中在少数几条相邻的街区，而且政府的办公和服务设施往往也集中在城市中心区域。由此造成中心区域的拥挤和交通流量的严重不均衡状况。目前，中国城镇化迅速发展，但城镇化也遭遇诸多困扰，对城市居民而言“堵车、污染、内涝、房贵”等“大城市病”困扰多多，对农民而言“被上楼”、“半城市化”等问题也仍待解决。当今中国大都市往往比拼的是是否拥有现代化高楼林立的“中心商务区”（CBD），有无垂直高度能在中国甚至世界上排列位次的摩天大楼，有无所谓“高科技开发区”或“科技园”，有无占地面积相当奢侈的中心广场，有无建筑面积或豪华程度可与欧美相比的大剧院、博物馆、图书馆、体育馆等，至于是否有足够的文化内涵与艺术、竞技水准，是否能够为广大市民提供合格的文化、娱乐、休闲消遣与信息服务，反倒成为次要的考虑。中国城镇化建设中问题与对策研究这是很大的课题。它有着太多的内容可以陈述，也有着太多的内容有待研究探讨。本文仅从宏观角度简述历史上中国城镇化建设中诸多社会问题的产生与发展，并针对这些问题提出相应的对策和建议。第一部分主要介绍选题背景和意义，分析国内外有关课题研究状况。第二部分阐明城镇化相关概念和城镇化基础理论。第三部分从我国城镇化转换过程、城镇化历程着手，分析我国城镇化发展规律，并根据其发展成就、发展类型找出我国城镇化的特点。第四部分指出我国城镇化存在的主要问题，特别是功能、结构、承载力、配套设施、运行特征以及积累的社会矛盾。第五部分针对我国城镇化发展问题，从城镇建设、人口转换、经济促进、优化布局、突出生态、统筹城乡等多方面着手，建立合理完善的社会保障体系，为我国的城镇化发展创造优良的环境与条件。结尾总结近年来我国的城镇化发展成就，对未来的发展道路充满期望。本文主要内容是从1978年以后我国城镇化发展的历史背景着手，深入浅出的阐述城镇化问题相关理论，详细列举了国内外城镇化发展过程中，由于受到我国多年以来的地源因素、资源区位、政治因素、人文思想、发展环境等影响，所出现的城镇功能特色不突出、城镇化结构不合理、城镇承载能力较弱、城镇运行欠佳等现象。当然，发展过程中也积累了诸多矛盾，像农民工权益难以充分保障、拆迁补偿制度不完善、失地农民可持续保障问题难以兑现、户籍问题困扰着一代又一代的新新市民。基于诸多社会问题和矛盾，本文总结了改革开放三十多年来，我国城镇化问题的研究者和践行者的经验与成就，从城乡基础建设入手，有序推进农业转移人口市民化；从实体产业经济出发，大力发展第三产业；从城镇的优化布局出发，有方向、有重点的促进大、中、小城镇的协调发展；从生态文明的理念推广开始，着力建设生态文明城镇；以经济、文化以及民生关注的“三民”问题入手，完善推进我国社会保障体制，使得我国的各项制度更加有序地运行和发展，我国人民在新型城镇化的体系下安居乐业，向着13亿人民的目标——实现富强、民主、文明、和谐的中国梦迈进。
[Abstract]:At present, China's urbanization is developing rapidly, urban functions and social welfare are increasing, which is a relatively high level of urbanization in China. Of course, the development is also faced with many social problems: the urbanization construction is not coordinated, the overall structure is not reasonable, the carrying capacity is limited, the urban environment is deteriorating, social contradictions are highlighted, and the urban and rural structure is not structure. The reason why the phenomenon is reasonable is that the development stage of urbanization in China is not high and its social effect is complicated. At the same time, it is also related to the national conditions and social system of our country, especially the land system, the system of population migration, social planning, the national financial system and the social public service mechanism, and so on. Sharp social contradictions need to be solved.
Urbanization is the only way to modernize. The history of economic and social development since the industrial revolution shows that a country should succeed in realizing modernization and pay attention to the development of urbanization. At the same time, urbanization and industrialization, informatization and agricultural modernization are the core contents of modern construction, which complement each other. Industrialization is in the leading position and the motive force of development; agricultural modernization is an important foundation and the foundation of development; information has the advantages of the latter to inject new vitality into the development; urbanization is the carrier and platform to carry the development space of industrialization and information to accelerate the development of agricultural modernization and play an irreplaceable integration. At the beginning of.2014, the national new urbanization plan of the country has been successfully introduced at the end of.2013, the Political Bureau meeting of the Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee and the central urbanization working conference have all proposed to make a good national plan for urbanization. For a long time, there is a tendency of deformity development in China's urban construction, which is the excessive collection of urban construction capital. In the central area of the city, the density of the building is too high, and the urban planning is too prominent to emphasize "linear regulation". Not only the best business, culture, and entertainment facilities are too concentrated in a few adjacent blocks, but also the government's office and service facilities are often concentrated in the city centre area. At present, the urbanization of China has developed rapidly, but the urbanization has also been plagued by many problems. The "big city disease" such as "traffic jam, pollution, waterlogging, house expensive" and so on is plagued with many problems, and the problem of "getting upstairs" and "semi urbanized" for the farmers still needs to be solved.
Nowadays, Chinese metropolises often compare the "central business district" (CBD) with modern high buildings, whether there is a skyscraper that can be arranged in China even in the world. There are no so-called "high-tech development zones" or "science parks". The degree of luxury can be compared with the European and American Theaters, museums, libraries, and gymnasiums. As for whether there is enough cultural connotation and art, competitive level, and whether it can provide the public with qualified culture, entertainment, leisure and information services, it becomes a secondary consideration.
The problems and Countermeasures in the construction of China's urbanization is a great subject. It has too much content to be stated, and there are too many contents to be studied. This article only describes the emergence and development of many social problems in the history of China's urbanization construction from a macro perspective, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for these problems.
The first part mainly introduces the background and significance of the topic selection, and analyzes the research status at home and abroad.
The second part clarifies the relevant concepts of urbanization and the basic theory of urbanization.
The third part begins with the process of urbanization and urbanization in China, analyzes the development law of urbanization in China, and finds out the characteristics of urbanization in China according to its development achievements and types of development.
The fourth part points out the main problems of urbanization in China, especially the function, structure, carrying capacity, supporting facilities, operation characteristics and social contradictions accumulated.
The fifth part, in view of the development of urbanization in China, starts with the construction of cities and towns, population transformation, economic promotion, optimization of layout, ecology and urban and rural areas, and establishes a reasonable and perfect social security system to create excellent environment and articles for the development of urbanization in our country.
The conclusion summarizes the achievements of urbanization in China in recent years, and is full of expectations for the way forward.
The main content of this article is from the historical background of the urbanization development in China after the 1978. It elaborates the related theories of urbanization, and enumerates in detail the influence of the local and foreign urbanization development process, due to the influence of the land source, the resource location, the political factor, the humanistic thought, the development environment and so on in our country for many years. The urban functional characteristics are not prominent, the urbanization structure is not reasonable, the urban carrying capacity is weak, and the urban operation is not good. Of course, there are many contradictions in the process of development, such as the rights and interests of migrant workers are hard to be guaranteed, the compensation system for demolition is not perfect, the problem of sustainable security of the landless farmers is difficult to be fulfilled, and the household registration problem is plagued by the generation after generation. New citizens of the generation.
Based on many social problems and contradictions, this paper summarizes the experience and achievements of the researchers and practitioners of urbanization in China for more than thirty years, starting with the urban and rural infrastructure construction, promoting the citizenization of the agricultural transfer in a orderly way, developing the third industry vigorously from the real industrial economy, starting from the optimal layout of the cities and towns, In the direction, we should focus on promoting the coordinated development of the big, middle and small towns; starting from the concept of ecological civilization, focusing on the construction of ecological civilization towns, starting with the "three people" problem of economic, cultural and people's livelihood, improving the social security system in China, making the various systems in our country run and develop in a more orderly way. Under the new urbanization system, people live and work in peace and contentment, heading for the goal of the 1 billion 300 million people, achieving prosperity, democracy, civilization and harmony.
【学位授予单位】：中共陕西省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.21

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