西安城市环境与城市贫困的时空耦合研究
发布时间：2018-07-26 17:27
【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,中国开始步入社会、经济的快速转型期。在由计划经济向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的过程中,土地使用制度、住房分配制度、户籍管理制度等各种相关的制度改革,城市居民收入差距增大,外来人口大量涌入城市内部,快速城市化过程中城市空间的快速扩展与内部重组等因素都促使中国城市贫困格局发生着显著的变化。贫困人口组成由传统的“三无人员”向在职低收入、下岗失业工人和外来务工人员开始转变。另外,高等教育趋于普及化发展,高学历就业人口逐年增多,大部分毕业生选择在大城市谋生存,收入低且花销大,易陷入贫困状态,成为新城市贫困群体的重要组成部分。 与此同时,伴随着城市化的快速发展,城市环境污染也日益加重,特别是在一些发展中国家的大城市,各类环境问题都较为严重。我国的城市环境问题趋向复杂化发展,环境污染类型逐渐由单一环境要素的污染向多要素、混合型污染转化,在时空上由一维向多维立体空间发展。 西安市是西北地区经济发展最为迅速的城市之一,在发展过程中城市贫困问和城市环境问题越加引起人们的重视。在这种背景下,本文立足于现有的研究成果,选择了西安市主城区为实证研究对象,以ARCGIS空间分析技术为支撑,以城市地理学、城市社会学和空间统计学等学科的相关理论为基础,依据统计年鉴和政府统计数据及调查问卷获取的一手数据,对西安市城市环境时空变化和其与城市贫困的耦合演变特征进行了实证研究。 本文共分为六章。第一章为绪论。分析了研究背景和研究意义,提出了研究思路和研究框架。第二章为国内外相关研究进展。首先对国内外新城市贫困的研究现状进行了综述,其次对国内外环境与贫困的相互关系的研究现状进行了综述。第三章为西安市城市环境的变化特征。首先介绍了本文所研究的区域范围,然后分别对大气环境、水环境、噪声环境、植被覆盖进行分析,用多级模糊评价方法分析了综合环境质量,对西安市1990-2012年的各类环境状况变化进行了归纳分析和分类表述。第四章为1990-2012年各类环境质量与贫困程度分布的耦合演变分析,采用ARCGIS分析1990年、2000年、2012年三个时间断面大气、水、噪声、植被及综合环境与贫困程度的耦合分布特征和演变规律。第五章为对策与建议。分别从不同的街区提出相关对策。第六章为结论与讨论。主要概括了本文的主要结论,指出了研究中存在的不足和今后需要进一步探讨的问题。 本文的主要结论有：(1)大气环境与贫困程度的耦合基本呈现大气质量好的区域贫困程度较重而大气质量差的区域贫困程度相对较轻。1990-2012年,大气环境优-良区域与高度贫困的耦合转变为与轻度贫困耦合；大气环境中等区域其贫困程度呈现随机分布,无明显的耦合规律；环境差-较差区域由基本与中度贫困耦合转变为与低度贫困耦合。 (2)水污染程度与贫困程度呈现分流域耦合,即皂河水污染轻区域贫困程度低,而下游污染加重,贫困程度也增加；除mP灞交汇处-灞桥镇外,沪河、灞河也呈现同样趋势。2012年,则呈现随机分布,二者基本没有耦合规律。 (3)噪声环境与贫困程度二者呈现随机分布,无明显耦合关系。 (4)植被环境与贫困程度的耦合：在城市远郊区植被覆盖高的地区基本与重度贫困耦合,而城市中心地区贫困分布更为复杂,并未呈现统一的耦合规律。1990年,植被覆盖较低区基本与中度贫困耦合,植被覆盖高的区域在远郊沪灞一带基本与重度贫困耦合。2000年变为随机分布,无耦合规律。2012年,耦合呈现局部细化。低值区呈现三条西北-东南向的带状耦合区,自南向北依次是南二环非贫困耦合带、桃园路至长安路街道轻度贫困耦合带、红庙坡至太乙路街道中度贫困耦合带。植被覆盖中等区域与轻度贫困耦合。其它植被覆盖等级与贫困程度无明显的耦合规律。 (5)综合环境与贫困程度的耦合：基本呈现环境质量好的区域贫困程度较重而质量差的区域贫困程度相对较轻。1990-2000年,综合环境优-良的区域在灞河沿岸由与重度贫困耦合转为无明显耦合规律。综合环境中-较差的区域与中度贫困耦合转为在北郊基本与重度贫困耦合而东郊无耦合规律。综合环境差区与贫困程度由随机分布变为在北关和红庙坡一带与中度贫困耦合,而北院门向西至枣园一带与轻度贫困耦合。2000-2012年,综合环境优-良的街道减少,与贫困程度的关系由无耦合转为在等驾坡附近与轻度贫困耦合。综合环境中-较差的区域在北郊基本与中度贫困耦合转为与轻度贫困耦合。综合环境差的街道进一步向南和向北扩展,转为三条西北-东南向的带状耦合区,自南向北依次是枣园至小寨街道非贫困耦合带,桃园路至长安路街道轻度贫困耦合带,红庙坡至太乙路街道中度贫困耦合带。
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, China has entered the society and the rapid transition period of economy. In the course of the transition from planned economy to socialist market economic system, the system of land use, housing distribution system, household registration management system and other related institutional reforms, the income gap of urban residents is increasing, and the influx of foreign population into the city, In the process of rapid urbanization, the rapid expansion of urban space and the internal restructuring have led to significant changes in the urban poverty pattern in China. The composition of the poor population from the traditional "three non personnel" to the in-service low income, the laid-off and unemployed workers and migrant workers began to change. In addition, the higher education tends to be popularized and high school. The employment population is increasing year by year. Most graduates choose to survive in big cities, low income and large cost, easy to fall into poverty, and become an important part of the new urban poor group.
At the same time, with the rapid development of urbanization, urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in large cities in some developing countries. All kinds of environmental problems are more serious. The urban environmental problems in China tend to be complicated, and the types of environmental pollution are gradually from pollution of single environmental factors to multiple elements and mixed pollution transformation, It develops from one dimension to multidimensional space in time and space.
Xi'an is one of the most rapid economic development cities in Northwest China. In the process of development, the problem of urban poverty and urban environmental problems have aroused people's attention more and more. Under this background, this paper, based on the existing research results, chose the main city of Xi'an as an empirical study, supported by the ARCGIS space analysis technology, and the city is supported by the city. On the basis of the related theories of geography, urban sociology and space statistics, based on the data obtained by statistical yearbook and government statistical data and questionnaire, this paper makes an empirical study on the spatio-temporal changes of urban environment in Xi'an and the characteristics of the coupling evolution between urban poverty and urban poverty.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It analyzes the research background and significance, puts forward the research ideas and research framework. The second chapter is the related research progress at home and abroad. First, the research status of the new urban poverty at home and abroad is summarized, and the research status of the domestic and foreign environment and poverty stricken relationship is summarized. The third chapter is the change characteristics of urban environment in Xi'an. Firstly, the regional scope of this paper is introduced, then the atmospheric environment, water environment, noise environment and vegetation cover are analyzed respectively. The comprehensive environmental quality is analyzed with multilevel fuzzy evaluation method, and the changes of various environmental conditions in Xi'an for 1990-2012 years are summarized and analyzed. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the coupling evolution of the environmental quality and the degree of poverty in 1990-2012 years. The ARCGIS analysis of the coupling distribution characteristics of the atmosphere, water, noise, vegetation and the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty in 1990, 2000, 2012, and the degree of poverty is analyzed by ARCGIS. The fifth chapter is the countermeasures and suggestions. The block puts forward relevant countermeasures. The sixth chapter is the conclusion and discussion. It mainly summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, and points out the shortcomings in the study and the problems to be further discussed in the future.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the coupling of atmospheric environment and poverty level shows that the regional poverty degree is relatively heavy in the region with high atmospheric quality and the poor degree of the atmospheric quality is relatively light.1990-2012 years, the coupling of the excellent good region and the high poverty in the atmosphere environment is coupled with the light poverty, and the middle area of the atmosphere is poor. The degree of difficulty is distributed randomly, and there is no obvious coupling law. The poor environment is transformed from the coupling of basic and moderate poverty into coupling with low poverty.
(2) the degree of water pollution and the degree of poverty show a watershed coupling, that is, the degree of poverty in the soaping river pollution light area is low, and the downstream pollution is aggravated, and the degree of poverty is also increased. In addition to the mP Ba interchange, the Baqiao Town, the Shanghai River and the Ba River also present the same trend for.2012 years, and the two are basically not coupled.
(3) the noise environment and the degree of poverty showed a random distribution of the two, and there was no obvious coupling relationship.
(4) coupling of vegetation environment and poverty degree: the area with high vegetation coverage in the urban suburban area is basically coupled with severe poverty, and the distribution of poverty in the central area of the city is more complex, and there is no unified coupling law for.1990 years, the lower vegetation cover is coupled with the moderate poverty, and the area with high vegetation coverage is in the far suburb and Ba Ba area base. The coupling of the heavy poverty and severe poverty has changed into a random distribution in.2000 years, and the coupling has a local refinement in.2012 years without coupling law. The low value area presents three northwest and southeastern band coupling zones. From south to north, the coupling zone of the South Second Ring is not coupled, the Taoyuan road to Changan road is mild poverty coupling zone, and the middle poverty coupling of the Red Temple slope to the Tai B road street is coupled. There is no obvious coupling rule between the other vegetation cover grades and the poverty level.
(5) the coupling of the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty: the regional poverty degree of the regional poverty level is relatively heavy and the poor quality is relatively light in.1990-2000 years, and the comprehensive environment good and good region is transferred from the heavy poverty coupling to the obvious coupling law on the Ba River along the Ba River. The comprehensive environment difference zone and the degree of poverty are changed from random distribution to the moderate poverty in the north gate and the Red Temple slope, while the north courtyard door to the west to the jujube garden is coupled with the mild poverty in.2000-2012, and the comprehensive environmental good and good streets are reduced and the poverty level is close to the poverty level in Beijiao. The system is transferred from non coupling to mild poverty in the vicinity of the equal driving slope. In the comprehensive environment, the poor region is coupled with the moderate poverty coupling to the mild poverty in Beijiao. The integrated environmental poor street is further extended southward and northward to three north-east south-east banded coupling zones, from south to North to Xiao Zhai street. The coupling belt between the Taoyuan road and the Changan road is slightly poor coupling belt, and the middle poverty coupling belt of the Red Temple slope to the Tai Yi Street.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.27
本文编号：2146744
[Abstract]:Since 1990s, China has entered the society and the rapid transition period of economy. In the course of the transition from planned economy to socialist market economic system, the system of land use, housing distribution system, household registration management system and other related institutional reforms, the income gap of urban residents is increasing, and the influx of foreign population into the city, In the process of rapid urbanization, the rapid expansion of urban space and the internal restructuring have led to significant changes in the urban poverty pattern in China. The composition of the poor population from the traditional "three non personnel" to the in-service low income, the laid-off and unemployed workers and migrant workers began to change. In addition, the higher education tends to be popularized and high school. The employment population is increasing year by year. Most graduates choose to survive in big cities, low income and large cost, easy to fall into poverty, and become an important part of the new urban poor group.
At the same time, with the rapid development of urbanization, urban environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, especially in large cities in some developing countries. All kinds of environmental problems are more serious. The urban environmental problems in China tend to be complicated, and the types of environmental pollution are gradually from pollution of single environmental factors to multiple elements and mixed pollution transformation, It develops from one dimension to multidimensional space in time and space.
Xi'an is one of the most rapid economic development cities in Northwest China. In the process of development, the problem of urban poverty and urban environmental problems have aroused people's attention more and more. Under this background, this paper, based on the existing research results, chose the main city of Xi'an as an empirical study, supported by the ARCGIS space analysis technology, and the city is supported by the city. On the basis of the related theories of geography, urban sociology and space statistics, based on the data obtained by statistical yearbook and government statistical data and questionnaire, this paper makes an empirical study on the spatio-temporal changes of urban environment in Xi'an and the characteristics of the coupling evolution between urban poverty and urban poverty.
This article is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction. It analyzes the research background and significance, puts forward the research ideas and research framework. The second chapter is the related research progress at home and abroad. First, the research status of the new urban poverty at home and abroad is summarized, and the research status of the domestic and foreign environment and poverty stricken relationship is summarized. The third chapter is the change characteristics of urban environment in Xi'an. Firstly, the regional scope of this paper is introduced, then the atmospheric environment, water environment, noise environment and vegetation cover are analyzed respectively. The comprehensive environmental quality is analyzed with multilevel fuzzy evaluation method, and the changes of various environmental conditions in Xi'an for 1990-2012 years are summarized and analyzed. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the coupling evolution of the environmental quality and the degree of poverty in 1990-2012 years. The ARCGIS analysis of the coupling distribution characteristics of the atmosphere, water, noise, vegetation and the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty in 1990, 2000, 2012, and the degree of poverty is analyzed by ARCGIS. The fifth chapter is the countermeasures and suggestions. The block puts forward relevant countermeasures. The sixth chapter is the conclusion and discussion. It mainly summarizes the main conclusions of this paper, and points out the shortcomings in the study and the problems to be further discussed in the future.
The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the coupling of atmospheric environment and poverty level shows that the regional poverty degree is relatively heavy in the region with high atmospheric quality and the poor degree of the atmospheric quality is relatively light.1990-2012 years, the coupling of the excellent good region and the high poverty in the atmosphere environment is coupled with the light poverty, and the middle area of the atmosphere is poor. The degree of difficulty is distributed randomly, and there is no obvious coupling law. The poor environment is transformed from the coupling of basic and moderate poverty into coupling with low poverty.
(2) the degree of water pollution and the degree of poverty show a watershed coupling, that is, the degree of poverty in the soaping river pollution light area is low, and the downstream pollution is aggravated, and the degree of poverty is also increased. In addition to the mP Ba interchange, the Baqiao Town, the Shanghai River and the Ba River also present the same trend for.2012 years, and the two are basically not coupled.
(3) the noise environment and the degree of poverty showed a random distribution of the two, and there was no obvious coupling relationship.
(4) coupling of vegetation environment and poverty degree: the area with high vegetation coverage in the urban suburban area is basically coupled with severe poverty, and the distribution of poverty in the central area of the city is more complex, and there is no unified coupling law for.1990 years, the lower vegetation cover is coupled with the moderate poverty, and the area with high vegetation coverage is in the far suburb and Ba Ba area base. The coupling of the heavy poverty and severe poverty has changed into a random distribution in.2000 years, and the coupling has a local refinement in.2012 years without coupling law. The low value area presents three northwest and southeastern band coupling zones. From south to north, the coupling zone of the South Second Ring is not coupled, the Taoyuan road to Changan road is mild poverty coupling zone, and the middle poverty coupling of the Red Temple slope to the Tai B road street is coupled. There is no obvious coupling rule between the other vegetation cover grades and the poverty level.
(5) the coupling of the comprehensive environment and the degree of poverty: the regional poverty degree of the regional poverty level is relatively heavy and the poor quality is relatively light in.1990-2000 years, and the comprehensive environment good and good region is transferred from the heavy poverty coupling to the obvious coupling law on the Ba River along the Ba River. The comprehensive environment difference zone and the degree of poverty are changed from random distribution to the moderate poverty in the north gate and the Red Temple slope, while the north courtyard door to the west to the jujube garden is coupled with the mild poverty in.2000-2012, and the comprehensive environmental good and good streets are reduced and the poverty level is close to the poverty level in Beijiao. The system is transferred from non coupling to mild poverty in the vicinity of the equal driving slope. In the comprehensive environment, the poor region is coupled with the moderate poverty coupling to the mild poverty in Beijiao. The integrated environmental poor street is further extended southward and northward to three north-east south-east banded coupling zones, from south to North to Xiao Zhai street. The coupling belt between the Taoyuan road and the Changan road is slightly poor coupling belt, and the middle poverty coupling belt of the Red Temple slope to the Tai Yi Street.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.27
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