基于就业视角的农民工市民化问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 08:51

【摘要】：城镇化是经济发展到一定水平出现的农村劳动力向城镇流动，从而造成城镇人口聚集的现象。农民工市民化是农民工在身份地位、生活方式、城市公共服务、心理归属等方面向城镇市民转化的过程。市民化是城镇化的核心和本质，对统一城乡劳动力市场、促进国民经济健康发展和新型城镇化建设有重要作用。本文是在政府高度重视城镇化发展，提出提高城镇化质量、建设新型城镇化道路的背景下展开研究。目前我国城镇化快速发展，城镇化率已基本达到世界平均水平，但是城镇化质量不高，人的城镇化水平不够。本文以提高农民工就业质量为切入点，，通过对大量文献、资料的梳理研究，利用比较分析法、并结合静态分析与动态分析对农民工市民化问题进行了分析研究。本文第一部分对国内外相关研究成果进行了文献梳理。第二部分分析了农民工就业与市民化的内在机制，指出就业是农民工市民化的必要前提和关键环节，提高农民工就业质量是推动市民化的重要突破口，对推动市民化有显著促进作用。第三部分总结了当前农民工进城的就业现状，发现农民工就业的诸多问题：信息渠道窄；劳动强度高、工作时间长、技术含量低、工资待遇少；工作不稳定、更换频繁；文化水平低、接受培训少；组织化程度低、劳动权益保障不足。并对影响农民工就业质量的因素进行了总结，具体包括产业结构调整与就业结构存在偏差以及经济增长与就业增长的背离现象；歧视性的就业制度和社会偏见；劳动力市场信息传递不灵；人力资本投资不足；政府没有充分发挥主导作用。第四部分总结英国、美国、德国和日本城镇化过程中的成功经验，以及印度在城镇化过程中的失败教训。基于以上的分析，本文的最后部分提出了对应的政策建议：消除就业歧视，发展中小城镇服务业；建立人力资源供求信息共享机制；增强对农民工的基础教育和在职培训；增加对农民工在城镇中创业的扶持力度；改善农民工工作条件、保障农民工的劳动权益。本文力图以提高就业质量为切入点研究市民化问题，这也是本文的创新之处。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is the phenomenon that the rural labor force flows to the cities and towns with the economic development to a certain level, thus causing the urban population to gather. The urbanization of migrant workers is the process of transforming migrant workers to urban citizens in the aspects of status, lifestyle, urban public service, psychological ownership and so on. Urbanization is the core and essence of urbanization, which plays an important role in unifying the urban and rural labor market, promoting the healthy development of national economy and the construction of new urbanization. In this paper, the government attaches great importance to the development of urbanization, proposed to improve the quality of urbanization, the construction of a new road to urbanization under the background of the study. At present, China's urbanization has developed rapidly, and the urbanization rate has basically reached the world average level, but the quality of urbanization is not high, and the urbanization level of people is not enough. In this paper, the employment quality of migrant workers as a starting point, through a large number of literature, data combing research, using comparative analysis, and combined with static analysis and dynamic analysis of migrant workers to analyze the problem of citizenship. The first part of this paper reviews the relevant research results at home and abroad. The second part analyzes the internal mechanism of migrant workers' employment and citizenship, and points out that employment is the necessary prerequisite and key link of migrant workers' citizenship, and improving the quality of migrant workers' employment is an important breakthrough to promote the urbanization. On the promotion of citizenship has a significant role in promoting. The third part summarizes the current employment situation of migrant workers into the city and finds many problems in the employment of migrant workers: narrow information channels, high labor intensity, long working hours, low technical content, less pay, unstable work, frequent replacement; Low level of education, less training, low degree of organization and inadequate protection of labor rights and interests. The factors affecting the employment quality of migrant workers are summarized, including the deviation between industrial structure adjustment and employment structure, the deviation between economic growth and employment growth, the discriminatory employment system and social prejudice. The labor market information transmission does not work; the human capital investment is insufficient; the government does not give full play to the leading role. The fourth part summarizes the successful experience of urbanization in Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan, as well as the failure of India in the process of urbanization. Based on the above analysis, the last part of this paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations: eliminating employment discrimination, developing service industry in small and medium-sized towns, establishing information sharing mechanism of human resource supply and demand, strengthening basic education and on-the-job training for migrant workers; We will increase the support for migrant workers to start their own businesses in cities and towns, improve their working conditions, and ensure their labor rights and interests. This paper tries to improve the quality of employment as a starting point to study the issue of citizenship, which is the innovation of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.6;F299.2

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