河南省城镇规模结构导向问题研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 12:32

【摘要】：城镇化是伴随着非农产业发展而发生的农业剩余劳动力被非农产业吸纳、农村人口向城市迁徙，以及原有城市不断扩张和新城市不断诞生成长的过程。在这一过程中，生产要素向哪集聚？劳动力及人口往哪里流动？产业在哪里成长？在哪儿建设城市？建设多少城市？建设多大规模的城市？哪儿的城市会扩张的更快？密度更大？城市的形态是什么样的？总之，随着产业成长和人口流动的趋势的不断加强，一个国家或者一国内部某一特定地区城市的空间结构和规模结构会朝着什么方向演化？城市的最终形态或成熟形态是什么样的？这些问题不仅是持续令人关注的重大理论问题，，更是对城镇化负有规划和引导责任的各级政府无法回避的重大现实问题。从上世纪八十年代开始，就城市发展规模结构导向的问题，我国学术界掀起了一场旷日持久的、激烈的大讨论。以著名社会学家费孝通先生为代表的小城镇派从的当时的基本国情以及各种法律、政策出发，认为小城镇具有发展成本小，农民迁入门槛低的优势，发展小城镇是我国城镇化进程中基于现实情况的最佳选择，由于小城镇派的观点很好的融合了当时政府关于城乡发展的考虑以及工业化导向政策的转变，成为了当时的主流认知并得到了官方的认可。90年代中期开始，小城镇及乡镇企业的种种弊端逐渐显露，人们对大城市的功能和效率优势认识越来越清晰，主张重点发展大城市的观点得到了更多人的认同。随后一些学者对以上两种观点进行折中，提出了中等城市论。在各种城市化道路激励争辩的时候，一些学者认为由政府主导的单一的某种模式是对我国城镇化的禁锢，各个地区应该根据自身的实际情况，选择不同的城镇化道路，也就是多元论。小城镇的弊端十分明显，随着产业和人口加速向大城市聚集，大城市的交通拥堵、房价高涨等“城市病”也开始显现，人们又认同了“大中小合理城镇体系”的多元论的说法。此后，还出现了主张发展大都市圈，城市群的观点。但是，就全国或一个地区来说，究竟哪个空间该发展更多和规模更大的城市？吸纳更多的人口？哪个空间只适合发展数量较少和规模较小的城市？或者说城镇体系的空间结构是什么样的？大中小城市各自都该容纳多少城镇人口？或者说城镇体系的规模结构是什么样的？现有的研究成果或政府的相关指导文件均没有给出明确的回答。河南省是一个大城市、大农村并存典型传统农区，人口基数大、农业人口数量多，是中国社会的缩影。建国后，河南省在“一五”期间快速地建立起自身的工业体系，60年代中期因为“三线建设”获得了大量政策扶持，工业总产值连续多年保持20%以上的高速增长，有效的带动了城镇化率的提升。改革开放后，作为内陆省份，河南省没能继续享受政策的倾斜，工业增速开始下降，城镇化率的增速也随之下降并长期落后于全国平均水平。进入新世纪，河南省开始融入全国乃至全球的产业转移序列中，工业的发展有了很大改观，与之前相比人口流动的方向、规模和频率展现出明显的差异，特点十分鲜明。劳动力是最容易跟踪观察的生产要素，将人口近似的看作劳动力，通过跟踪并预测其未来的流向，就能大致判断出产业向哪里聚集，未来哪里经济发展潜力大，哪里的城市规模会扩张，哪里的会收缩。这一系列的变化对各级政府提出了新的要求，能不能及时掌握人口的流动趋势并对未来做出预判，如何尊重并顺应市场的选择，合理引导城镇体系的调整，关系到资源能否实现优化配置，经济是否能够高效运行。在这一过程中，转变政府职能，尊重市场行为，处理好政府和市场的关系是极为关键的环节。
[Abstract]:Urbanization is a process in which surplus agricultural labor force is absorbed by non-agricultural industries, rural population migrates to cities, and the original cities are expanding and new cities are growing. In this process, where are the factors of production gathered? Where are the labor force and population flowing? Where is the industry growing? How many cities will be built? How many cities will be built? Where will the cities expand faster? Where will they be denser? What is the shape of the city? In short, with the development of industry and the increasing trend of population flow, the spatial structure and scale structure of a country or a specific region of the city will be toward. What direction does the city evolve? What is the final form or mature form of the city? These are not only important theoretical issues of sustained concern, but also important practical problems that governments at all levels shoulder the responsibility of planning and guiding urbanization.
Since the 1980s, there has been a protracted and heated discussion on the orientation of the scale and structure of urban development in China's academic circles. The development of small towns is the best choice based on the reality in the process of urbanization in our country because of the advantages of low threshold for migration. Because the views of the small town school merged well with the consideration of urban and rural development and the transformation of industrialization-oriented policy of the government at that time, it became the mainstream cognition and got the official recognition. At first, the malpractices of small towns and township enterprises gradually revealed, people's understanding of the functions and efficiency advantages of big cities became clearer and clearer, and the viewpoint of emphasizing the development of big cities was accepted by more and more people. Some scholars argue that a single mode dominated by the government is an imprisonment on China's urbanization and that different regions should choose different ways of urbanization, i.e. pluralism, according to their own actual conditions. Since then, there have been views on the development of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations. However, as far as the whole country or a region is concerned, which space should develop more and larger cities? Which space is suitable only for the cities with less quantity and smaller scale? Or what is the spatial structure of the urban system? How many urban population should each large, medium and small cities accommodate? Or what is the scale structure of the urban system? Answer.
Henan Province is a big city with a large rural area and a typical traditional farming area. It has a large population base and a large number of agricultural population, which is the epitome of Chinese society. After the reform and opening up, Henan Province, as an inland province, has not been able to enjoy the inclination of the policy, the industrial growth rate has begun to decline, and the urbanization rate has also declined and lagged behind the national average for a long time. In the sequence of global industrial transfer, the development of industry has changed a lot. Compared with the former, the direction, scale and frequency of population flow show obvious differences, and the characteristics are very distinct. This series of changes put forward new requirements for governments at all levels, whether they can grasp the trend of population flow in time and make a forecast for the future, how to respect and comply with the market choice, and reasonably guide the urban system. Adjustment is related to the optimal allocation of resources and the efficient operation of the economy. In this process, it is a crucial link to transform government functions, respect market behavior and deal with the relationship between the government and the market.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.27

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