我国城镇劳动力市场低工资问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 09:54

【摘要】：随着我国经济的迅猛发展,我国劳动者工资不断提高,但是市场中仍然存在一定规模的低工资劳动者。本文从理论角度和制度角度探讨了市场中低工资产生的原因；同时,本文还分别从个人、企业等微观角度以及国内市场需求、出口贸易和经济结构等宏观角度分析低工资给我国经济发展带来的负面影响。本文采用中国健康与营养协会(CHNS)调查数据,对2000,2004,2006和2009年的低工资问题进行实证研究。研究结果表明,2000至2009年间低工资收入劳动群体的工资收入和高工资收入群体的差距在不断扩大；在低工资群体中,劳动者的受教育水平大部分为初中及以下学历,受教育年限明显偏少；在低工资劳动者就业方面,非正规就业在低工资人群中占据较大比重；本文还对低工资的地区特征进行分析,发现低工资劳动者中来自沿海省份的比重较低,中西部地区比重较高。同时本文基于CHNS调查数据,利用Logistic模型对劳动者低工资的影响因素进行量化分析,结果表明劳动者中女性较男性更容易被划入低工资收入群体；受教育水平越低的劳动者其低工资的可能性越大；而且地区变量对低工资有显著影响。基于以上研究结果,本论文为解决低工资问题提出了相应的建议。人力资本是影响工资收入的重要因素,所以应该提高劳动者的受教育水平,增加低工资劳动者的培训力度；而且要消除劳动力市场歧视,打破就业壁垒,营造良好的劳动力市场环境；其次要彻底消除低工资生存的土壤,减少劳动密集型产业；与此同时,加强立法推进工资集体协商制度真正落实。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the wages of Chinese workers are increasing, but there are still some low-wage workers in the market. This paper discusses the causes of low wages in the market from the perspective of theory and institution. At the same time, this paper also discusses the demand of the domestic market from the micro perspectives of individuals, enterprises and so on. This paper analyzes the negative effects of low wages on China's economic development from the macro point of view of export trade and economic structure. Based on the (CHNS) survey data of the Chinese Association of Health and Nutrition, this paper makes an empirical study on the issue of low wages in 20042004 and 2009. The results show that between 2000 and 2009, the gap between the wage and the high income groups of the low-wage labor group is widening. In the low-wage group, the majority of the workers' education level is junior high school degree or below. The number of years of education is obviously on the low side; in the aspect of employment of low-wage workers, informal employment occupies a large proportion in the low-wage population; this paper also analyzes the regional characteristics of low-wage workers. It was found that the proportion of low-wage workers from coastal provinces was lower, and that of the central and western regions was higher. At the same time, based on the CHNS survey data, using Logistic model to analyze the influencing factors of workers' low wages, the results show that women are more likely to be classified as low wage groups than men. The lower the level of education, the higher the probability of low wage, and the regional variable has significant influence on low wage. Based on the above results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to solve the problem of low wage. Human capital is an important factor affecting wage income. Therefore, we should raise the level of education of workers, increase the training of low-wage workers, and eliminate discrimination in the labour market and break down the barriers to employment. To create a good labor market environment; secondly, to completely eliminate the low wage survival soil, reduce labor-intensive industries; at the same time, strengthen legislation to promote the wage collective bargaining system to truly implement.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.24

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