企业技术效率的差异分析及收敛性研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 17:06

【摘要】：技术效率是衡量企业运行健康的核心指标，技术进步是提高生产率进而推动企业经济增长的决定性力量，可见技术效率改善和技术进步是企业可持续发展的保障。技术效率不仅能够反映企业在生产经营中的技术利用率，还可以用来考察和评价企业的综合技术绩效。论文通过对现有文献的梳理，基于中原证券投资分析系统中低碳企业的数据资料，运用随机前沿模型测算并考量2005-2012年38家低碳企业技术效率的差异化特征，并借助收敛模型考查低碳企业技术效率的收敛特性，以此为企业技术效率的高效提升及差距缩小寻求路径。论文的主要研究内容及研究结论如下：第一，企业技术效率的理论基础分析。采取理论研究与实证分析相结合，以企业技术效率为主线，在对已有研究成果分析的基础上，综合集成企业技术效率分析的理论方法与技术（包括效率理论、技术效率理论、生产前沿面理论、随机前沿模型、系统聚类理论、收敛性理论），明确了企业技术效率分析的理论体系框架。第二，企业技术效率的模型构建与测算。基于随机前沿模型具体形式，结合企业治理结构情况，选取的投入产出指标有主营业务收入、劳动人数及固定资产总额，同时涉及到董事会规模、董事会独立性、企业规模、股权集中度、资产负债率及高管薪酬等影响因素。接着测算了38家低碳企业的技术效率水平，其技术效率均值仅为0.5027，尚存在40.73%的提升空间。第三，企业技术效率的差异化分析。由弹性分析可知，董事会规模、独立董事比例及企业规模对技术效率有负弹性作用，资产负债率、股权集中度及高管薪酬与技术效率存在正弹性关系，各影响因素对技术效率的弹性驱动各异。从技术效率的均值、最值、标准差及变异系数的截面分析得出，低碳企业技术效率的差异有所削弱但仍很明显；由变动分析可得，低碳企业技术效率多年保持稳定增长，个别年份存在差异化的增长率。第四，企业技术效率的系统聚类分析。运用系统聚类将低碳企业划分为高、中、低三类，其技术效率均值分别为0.3350、0.4863和0.6846。观察各类企业的均值及方差的趋势图后发现，低碳企业间的技术效率存在着增长幅度、增长速度等多重差异，并且各类企业的技术效率处于不同程度的发散状态。第五，企业技术效率差异的收敛性研究。收敛显示，低碳企业的技术效率呈现收敛与发散交替变化的特征，同时存在阶段性的波动特征；收敛表示，低碳企业及高、中、低各类企业的技术效率均存在显著的收敛趋势，并且低-中、低-高、中-高各类企业技术效率的收敛趋势也很明显，各类企业均表现出俱乐部收敛特征。最后，基于实证结果，，结合低碳企业现状，阐释了企业技术效率提升的政策建议：发挥企业的规模效应、强化员工的福利效应、增强技术的促进效应、完善管理的规范效应、深化融资的多元效应、整合资源的集聚效应、激发董事的联创效应、优化股权的聚合效应。
[Abstract]:The technical efficiency is the core index to measure the operation health of the enterprise, and the technical progress is the decisive force to improve the productivity and further promote the economic growth of the enterprise, and the improvement of the technology efficiency and the technological progress are the guarantee of the sustainable development of the enterprise. The technical efficiency can not only reflect the technical utilization ratio of the enterprise in the production and operation, but also can be used to study and evaluate the comprehensive technical performance of the enterprise. Based on the data of the low-carbon enterprises in the central-China securities investment analysis system, the paper makes use of the stochastic frontier model to measure and consider the differential characteristics of the technology efficiency of 38 low-carbon enterprises in 2005-2012, By means of the convergence model, the convergence of the technology efficiency of the low-carbon enterprises is investigated, so as to improve the efficiency of the enterprise's technical efficiency and to narrow the gap. The main contents and conclusions of the paper are as follows: First, the theoretical basis of enterprise's technical efficiency Based on the analysis of the existing research results, the theoretical method and technology of the enterprise's technical efficiency analysis (including the efficiency theory, the technology efficiency theory and the production front face) are combined with the theoretical research and the empirical analysis, and the theoretical method and technology of the enterprise's technical efficiency analysis are integrated on the basis of the analysis of the existing research results. The theory, the stochastic frontier model, the system clustering theory, the convergence theory, and the theoretical system of the enterprise's technical efficiency analysis are clarified. Framework. Second, model of enterprise technology efficiency Construction and measurement. Based on the concrete form of the stochastic frontier model, and in combination with the enterprise governance structure, the input-output index selected has the main business income, the labor force and the total fixed assets, and also relates to the scale of the board of directors, the independence of the board of directors and the scale of the enterprise. Equity concentration, asset-liability ratio and high-rate compensation The technical efficiency of 38 low-carbon enterprises is then measured. The average technical efficiency is only 0.5027, and there are still 40. 73%. Promotion space. Third, enterprise technology The analysis of the difference of efficiency is that the scale of the board, the proportion of independent directors and the scale of the enterprise have a negative impact on the efficiency of the technology, and the ratio of debt-to-debt, the degree of equity concentration and the high-pipe pay and the technical efficiency are in positive and elastic relation. The elastic driving of the rate is different. From the analysis of the mean value, the most value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation of the technical efficiency, the difference of the technical efficiency of the low-carbon enterprises is weakened, but it is still obvious; by the change analysis, the technical efficiency of the low-carbon enterprises has remained stable for many years, and the individual years are stored At a differentiated rate of growth. Fourth, the enterprise The system cluster analysis of the technical efficiency is divided into three categories: high, medium and low by using the system clustering, and the average technical efficiency of the system is 0. 3350, 0. The trend of the mean and variance of all kinds of enterprises is observed, and it is found that the technical efficiency of low-carbon enterprises is the same as that of the growth rate, the growth rate and so on, and the technical efficiency of all kinds of enterprises in a different degree of divergence. The convergence of the technical efficiency of the enterprise is studied. The convergence shows that the technical efficiency of the low-carbon enterprises is characterized by the alternation of the convergence and the divergence, and the periodic wave characteristics exist. The convergence shows that the technical efficiency of the low-carbon enterprises and the low-carbon enterprises is significant. Convergence trend, and low-medium, low-high, medium-high, the convergence trend of the technical efficiency of various enterprises is also obvious, In the end, based on the empirical results and the present situation of the low-carbon enterprises, the policy suggestions for improving the efficiency of the enterprise are explained: the scale effect of the enterprise is exerted, the welfare effect of the staff is strengthened, the effect of promoting the technology is enhanced, The standardized effect of management, the multi-element effect of deepening the financing, the gathering effect of the whole resource, the excitation
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F224;F273.1

【共引文献】