基于生态足迹的中国农产品贸易可持续发展研究

发布时间：2019-06-13 20:35

【摘要】：国际贸易自由化程度不断提高，发达国家逐渐开始了自然资源和环境服务的进口。农产品贸易已不仅仅是物物交换，更值得关注的是生态资本和环境空间的转移。改革开放以来，我国农产品贸易不断发展，特别是加入世贸组织以来发展迅速。2012年，我国成为第三大农产品贸易国，农产品贸易总额为1756.6亿美元。2004年中国农产品贸易首次出现逆差，并不断扩大，2012年贸易逆差为492.1亿美元。日益扩大的贸易逆差，引起了国家和社会普遍的高度重视。虽然贸易逆差会一定程度上增加国内产品的有效供给，平抑国内物价；但同时会对中国农产品生产和市场带来严重冲击，进而阻碍农业生产，挫伤农民的积极性，引发社会不稳定因素。再加上的贸易壁垒不断升级和农产品生产的自然资源和环境瓶颈，使中国农产品贸易可持续发展出现阻碍。从生态角度看，，贸易逆差会输入国外生态资本，保护国内的生态环境，有利于生态可持续发展。中国农产品贸易中生态要素流的状况是怎样的，本文利用贸易生态足迹模型分析了1992-2012年中国的农产品贸易的可持续发展现状，并详细分析了这一阶段农产品贸易生态足迹的态势和结构组成，得到结论：（1）农产品贸易由生态赤字转生态盈余，并呈现扩大态势。（2）农产品贸易生态足迹结构不均，但态势向好。（3）各类生态生产性土地的生态足迹各有特色。耕地生态足迹净值前阶段赤字严重，后阶段盈余突出；林地、草地生态以盈余为主，水域生态足迹则为净输出。利用生态效率从经济学和生态学视角综合分析了农产品贸易的可持续发展现状，表明出口生态效率大于进口生态效率，国外生态资本的价格相对便宜，倾向于国外生态足迹输入。总体来讲，入世前，经济上可持续发展占主导，生态上缺乏可持续性，是用生态成本换取经济利益；入世之后，经济上可持续发展困难，生态上可持续性较好，是用经济利益换取生态效益。在贸易发展中，应该寻求经济和生态可持续发展的均衡点，更好的促进经济社会和生态的可持续发展。最后提出政策建议：（1）加强可持续发展意识和环境保护意识的宣传。（2）转变贸易增长方式，重视进口也要重视出口。（3）调整贸易产品结构，降低生态资本流失，促进贸易协调发展。（4）科技兴农，发展绿色农业，提高生产效率。（5）提高科技含量，加强管理，应对贸易壁垒。（6）加强国际合作，实现全球共赢。
[Abstract]:With the increasing degree of international trade liberalization, developed countries have gradually begun to import natural resources and environmental services. Agricultural products trade is not only barter, but also the transfer of ecological capital and environmental space. Since the reform and opening up, China's agricultural trade has continued to develop, especially since China's accession to the WTO. In 2012, China became the third largest agricultural trade country, with a total of US $175.66 billion. In 2004, China's agricultural trade deficit appeared for the first time, and continued to expand, with a trade deficit of US $49.21 billion in 2012. The widening trade deficit has attracted the attention of the state and society. Although the trade deficit will increase the effective supply of domestic products to a certain extent and calm down domestic prices, at the same time, it will have a serious impact on the production and market of agricultural products in China, thus hindering agricultural production, discouraging the enthusiasm of farmers and causing social instability. Coupled with the continuous upgrading of trade barriers and the natural resources and environmental bottlenecks of agricultural products production, the sustainable development of agricultural products trade in China is hindered. From the ecological point of view, the trade deficit will import foreign ecological capital, protect the domestic ecological environment, and is conducive to ecological sustainable development. What is the situation of ecological factor flow in China's agricultural products trade? this paper analyzes the present situation of sustainable development of China's agricultural products trade from 1992 to 2012 by using the trade ecological footprint model, and analyzes in detail the situation and structure of the ecological footprint of agricultural products trade in this stage. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Agricultural products trade changes from ecological deficit to ecological surplus. (2) the structure of ecological footprint of agricultural products trade is uneven, but the situation is better. (3) the ecological footprint of all kinds of ecological productive land has its own characteristics. The deficit of the net ecological footprint of cultivated land was serious in the pre-stage, and the surplus in the later stage was prominent, while the ecological footprint of forest land and grassland was mainly surplus, while the ecological footprint of water area was the net output. This paper analyzes the present situation of sustainable development of agricultural products trade from the perspective of economics and ecology by using ecological efficiency, and shows that the ecological efficiency of export is higher than that of import ecological efficiency, and the price of ecological capital abroad is relatively cheap, which tends to import the ecological footprint of foreign countries. Generally speaking, before China's entry into WTO, economic sustainable development is dominant and ecologically lack of sustainability, which is to exchange ecological costs for economic benefits. After China's entry into WTO, economic sustainable development is difficult and ecological sustainability is good, which is to exchange economic benefits for ecological benefits. In the development of trade, we should seek the equilibrium point of economic and ecological sustainable development, and better promote the sustainable development of economy, society and ecology. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward: (1) to strengthen the propaganda of sustainable development consciousness and environmental protection consciousness. (2) to change the mode of trade growth, to attach importance to import and export. (3) to adjust the structure of trade products, reduce the loss of ecological capital and promote the coordinated development of trade. (4) to develop agriculture through science and technology, to develop green agriculture and to improve production efficiency. (5) to improve the content of science and technology and strengthen management, Deal with trade barriers. (6) strengthen international cooperation to achieve global win-win.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X22;F323.7;F752

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