劳动力成本上涨对中小企业发展的影响研究

发布时间：2019-07-04 20:15

【摘要】：中小企业的发展与宏观经济的发展相辅相成，一方面宏观经济的发展带动了中小企业的蓬勃发展，另一方面，中小企业的发展也为宏观经济的发展做出了重要的贡献。我国中小企业在国民经济发展处于至关重要的地位。然而，近年来，受全球经济一体化、国内通货膨胀、劳动力供求关系的变化等宏观因素变动的影响，加上企业自身的因素，中小企业的发展受到了严重的困扰，用工荒、融资困难以及生产经营成本上升等问题突出。尤其是劳动力成本一路攀升，对我国中小企业长期依赖的低劳动力成本比较优势以及企业的转型升级提出了严峻挑战。本文从劳动力成本的变动情况及中小企业的发展方式入手，研究劳动力成本上涨对中小企业发展的影响，具体研究内容如下：第一章，主要介绍文章的研究背景、研究意义、研究内容、研究方法以及创新和不足，此外，还介绍了劳动力成本、企业发展方式转变等相关概念；第二章，首先对国外相关理论进行回顾，其次主要论述了近些年我国学者就劳动力成本上升对宏观经济和微观企业影响的相关研究成果；第三章，首先采用描述性统计分析方法分析湖北企业劳动力成本变动趋势，其次介绍当前中小企业面临的用工荒、劳动力成本上升、企业竞争力不强等问题，最后深入分析导致中小企业陷入经营困境的根本原因；第四章，挖掘劳动力成本上涨的深层原因，阐明其对中小企业发展产生的影响，并提出未来我国劳动力成本上涨不可逆转的趋势；第五章，提出为应对劳动力成本上升，一方面，应发挥市场的自主作用“倒逼”中小企业转型升级；另一方面，应发挥政府的协调作用，，积极推进收入分配制度改革，建立起正常的工资增长机制，此外，政府还应加强对中小企业的扶持力度，扩大人力资本投入，着重培养中小企业的创新精神并致力于提高其自主创新能力；第六章，总结与展望。文章结论是，劳动力成本上涨短期内会削弱中小企业的竞争优势，但是长期内将有利于倒逼中小企业提高劳动生产率，进而实现转型升级。本文认为，应发挥政府和市场的双重作用，建立有序的工资增长机制，为中小企业转型升级保驾护航。本文创新点视角独特，主要注重于微观企业劳动力成本的变化，特别是将劳动力成本的变化与经济发展方式转变联系起来进行研究。
[Abstract]:The development of small and medium-sized enterprises and macroeconomic development complement each other. On the one hand, the development of macro-economy has led to the vigorous development of small and medium-sized enterprises, on the other hand, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has also made important contributions to the development of macro-economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises in China are in a vital position in the development of the national economy. However, in recent years, under the influence of global economic integration, domestic inflation, changes in the relationship between supply and demand of labor force and other macro factors, coupled with the factors of the enterprise itself, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises has been seriously troubled, such as labor shortage, financing difficulties and rising production and operating costs. In particular, the rising labor cost poses a severe challenge to the comparative advantage of low labor cost that small and medium-sized enterprises rely on for a long time and the transformation and upgrading of enterprises. Starting with the change of labor cost and the development mode of small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper studies the influence of the rise of labor cost on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The specific research contents are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the research background, research significance, research content, research methods, innovation and shortcomings of the article, in addition, it also introduces the related concepts such as labor cost, the transformation of enterprise development mode and so on. The second chapter, first of all, reviews the relevant theories of foreign countries, and then mainly discusses the related research results of the impact of rising labor costs on macro-economy and micro-enterprises in recent years. The third chapter, first of all, uses descriptive statistical analysis method to analyze the changing trend of labor cost of Hubei enterprises, secondly, introduces the current employment shortage, rising labor cost, weak competitiveness and other problems faced by small and medium-sized enterprises, and finally deeply analyzes the root causes of small and medium-sized enterprises falling into business difficulties. The fourth chapter, excavates the deep reason of the labor cost rise, clarifies its influence on the development of the small and medium-sized enterprises, and puts forward the irreversible trend of the labor cost rise in our country in the future, the fifth chapter, in order to cope with the rising labor cost, on the one hand, we should give full play to the independent role of the market to "force" the small and medium-sized enterprises to transform and upgrade. On the other hand, we should give full play to the coordinating role of the government, actively promote the reform of the income distribution system, and establish a normal wage growth mechanism. in addition, the government should also strengthen its support for small and medium-sized enterprises, expand human capital investment, focus on cultivating the innovative spirit of small and medium-sized enterprises and devote themselves to improving their independent innovation ability. The conclusion of this paper is that the rise of labor cost will weaken the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises in the short term, but it will be beneficial to the improvement of labor productivity of small and medium-sized enterprises in the long run, so as to realize the transformation and upgrading. This paper holds that we should give full play to the dual role of the government and the market, establish an orderly wage growth mechanism, and protect the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper has a unique perspective of innovation, mainly focusing on the change of labor cost in micro-enterprises, especially linking the change of labor cost with the transformation of economic development mode.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F276.3;F249.21

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