中国地方政府绩效研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 07:38

本文选题：中国　切入点：地方政府　出处：《辽宁大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战后，针对市场失灵，政府开始运用宏观调控手段，主动干预经济社会生活，政府的绩效问题摆在了各国政府面前。在我国，中共十八届三中全会关于“完善发展成果考核评价体系”的决定，更对提高地方政府绩效提出了明确的要求。在这种情况下，为了提高资金使用效益、强化经济责任，地方政府绩效问题应运而生。同时，随着社会的发展，公众的民主政治意识越来越强，也使得地方政府主动关注自身绩效，以便优化政府职能，强化政府责任。伴随着地方政府绩效评估实践的开展，西方国家的学者们也开始了对地方政府绩效的研究，地方政府绩效的研究在西方国家取得了重大的进展，对地方政府绩效实践的开展起到了重要的推动作用。与国外开展的轰轰烈烈的地方政府绩效实践相比，我国的地方政府绩效实践仍处于起步阶段，但中国很多地方政府在绩效管理方面已进行了许多有益的探索，也取得了一定的成效。如青岛市、沈阳市、上海市杨浦区、江苏省南通市、河南省洛阳市等地方政府顺应形势发展需要，创新方式，针对自身特点，开展了多种形式的地方政府绩效管理工作，形成了各具特色的地方政府绩效管理实践，推动了地方政府绩效实践在中国的开展，探索出了一些行之有效的做法与经验。本文在对地方政府绩效相关理论阐释的基础上，根据2013年11月12日中国共产党第十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》精神及2013年12月6日中共中央组织部发出的《关于改进地方党政领导班子和领导干部政绩考核工作的通知》精神，设计了本文拟采用的中国地方政府绩效的指标体系，并利用因子分析法在损失较少数据信息的基础上把多个指标转化为几个有代表意义的综合指标，然后利用DEA模型，针对中国统计年鉴提供的2012年度全国31个省（区、市）的统计数据，通过数据处理、因子载荷矩阵得出因子分析的得分。接着将全国31个省（区、市）视为31个决策单元，选择产出导向、规模报酬可变的DEA模型测算地方政府工作绩效，得到全国31个省（区、市）的政府工作综合效率、工作技术效率、工作规模效率、工作规模报酬状况、工作投入松弛变量。最后对31个省（区、市）政府投入产出的相对有效性进行分析。接下来，，针对DEA的实证分析，本文探讨了中国地方政府绩效存在的问题。并在此基础上，分析了存在此类问题的原因，主要体现在地方政府绩效立法、绩效管理、财政政策、评估结果利用等四个方面。最后，在借鉴英国、美国和日本等发达国家在提升地方政府绩效方面的主要经验和做法的基础上，提出了相应的提升中国地方政府绩效的对策建议。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, in view of the market failure, the government began to use macro-control measures to actively intervene in economic and social life. The performance of the government was put in front of the governments of all countries. In our country, The decision of the third Plenary session of the 18 Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on "perfecting the evaluation system of development achievements" has put forward clear requirements for improving the performance of local governments. In this case, in order to improve the efficiency of the use of funds and strengthen economic responsibility, At the same time, with the development of the society, the democratic political consciousness of the public is becoming stronger and stronger, which also makes the local government pay attention to its own performance actively in order to optimize the government function. With the development of the practice of local government performance evaluation, scholars in western countries have begun to study the performance of local government, and the research of local government performance has made great progress in western countries. It plays an important role in promoting the practice of local government performance. Compared with the vigorous practice of local government performance in foreign countries, the practice of local government performance in our country is still in its infancy, but many local governments in China have carried out many beneficial explorations in the aspect of performance management. The local governments in Qingdao, Shenyang, Yangpu District of Shanghai, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, Luoyang City, Henan Province, and so on, have also made certain achievements. They have adapted to the needs of the development of the situation, innovated their ways, and adapted to their own characteristics. It has carried out various forms of local government performance management, formed the local government performance management practice with its own characteristics, promoted the development of local government performance practice in China, and explored some effective practices and experiences. Based on the explanation of the relevant theories of local government performance, According to the spirit of the "decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively deepening several important issues" adopted at the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on November 12th 2013, and the < on Reform issued by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee on December 6th 2013. To advance the spirit of the local party and government leading bodies and leading cadres in the assessment of their political achievements, This paper designs the index system of Chinese local government performance, and uses factor analysis method to transform multiple indicators into several representative comprehensive indicators based on less data loss, and then uses DEA model. According to the statistical data of 31 provinces (districts and cities) provided by China Statistical Yearbook in 2012, the factor load matrix is used to get the score of factor analysis through data processing, and then 31 provinces (districts and cities) are regarded as 31 decision making units. The DEA model of output oriented and variable scale reward is used to measure the performance of local government, and the comprehensive efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency and reward of work scale of 31 provinces (districts and municipalities) are obtained. Finally, the relative effectiveness of input and output of 31 provinces (districts and municipalities) was analyzed. Then, based on the empirical analysis of DEA, this paper discusses the problems existing in the performance of local government in China. On this basis, it analyzes the reasons for these problems, which are mainly reflected in local government performance legislation, performance management, and fiscal policy. The evaluation results are used in four aspects. Finally, based on the main experiences and practices of the developed countries such as Britain, the United States and Japan in improving the performance of local governments, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the performance of local governments in China.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F812.5

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