中国高速公路投融资模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-11 10:02

本文关键词： 高速公路投融资模式公路基金制补偿机制　出处：《吉林大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一项重要的交通基础设施，高速公路对一个国家经济的发展与社会的进步具有巨大的推动作用。高速公路的出现缩短了城市间在时间上与空间上的距离，加快了社会资源流动的速度，提高了社会资源的利用效率，对人们生产生活的各个方面都产生着深远的影响。随着经济的不断发展，运输需求的不断增大，人们对高速公路的需求也在不断增加。然而，同其他基础设施建设一样，高速公路建设也离不开资金的支持，高速公路的发展与其行业背后投融资模式的筹资能力紧密相关。正如生产力与生产关系之间的关系一样，高速公路发展的过程中，在某一阶段，高速公路发展的资金需求与其投融资模式的筹资能力是相匹配的，但随着高速公路的不断发展，资金需求的不断提高，原有的融资模式已无法满足现有高速公路建设对资金的需求，持续的资金供给小于资金需求，就导致资金缺口的出现，从而制约高速公路的发展。虽然政府可以通过应用一些经济手段暂时地弥补资金缺口，但从长远上看，如果不从根本上改变投融资制度，就很难真正地解决融资缺口问题。本文将从高速公路相关经济理论着手，界定现阶段高速公路的准公共品属性，并对高速公路与经济发展的正相关性、高速公路的经济特性及其收费定价理论进行相关介绍，为后文讨论的展开做好理论铺垫。笔者在认真梳理高速公路投融资制度发展的历史和全面分析我国现阶段所存在的高速公路投融资方式内容特点的基础上，对当前我国高速公路的投融资现状进行深入剖析，发现当前我国投融资制度中存在中央财政资金投入不足，投融资结构不合理，以及投融资风险正逐渐增加这三方面问题，且三者之间存在一定的因果关系。明确这点对于把握投融资现状，找出解决方案至关重要。笔者将借鉴美国高速公路的“公路基金制”，提出将“公路基金制”有变化的应用到我国高速公路投融资模式的建设中，建立适合中国国情、具有中国特色的“公路基金制”。“公路基金制”的引入，能够从根本上改变我国当前高速公路投融资结构不合理的状态，分别从资金来源、使用方式及所具有的担保作用等三方面对我国高速公路的投融资模式进行调整。笔者最终将构建以“公路基金制”为主，，其他市场型投融资方式为辅的中国高速公路投融资模式，并大胆设想了与之相配套的补偿机制，完善整个高速公路投融资体系。在笔者所构建的高速公路投融资模式中，将“公路基金制”作为融资模式的主导方式，保证建设资金使用的规范性与合理性，形成稳定的资金来源。同时“公路基金制”将为其他市场型投融资方式提供担保资金，增强民间资本对高速公路市场型投融资的信心，带动市场型投融资方式的蓬勃发展。
[Abstract]:As an important transportation infrastructure, expressway plays an important role in promoting the economic development and social progress of a country. The emergence of expressway shortens the distance between cities in time and space. It accelerates the speed of social resource flow, improves the efficiency of social resource utilization, and has a profound influence on all aspects of people's production and life. With the development of economy, the demand for transportation is increasing. People's demand for highways is also increasing. However, like other infrastructure construction, highway construction cannot do without the support of funds. The development of expressway is closely related to the financing ability of the investment and financing model behind its industry. Just as the relationship between productivity and production relations, the expressway development process, at a certain stage, The capital demand of expressway development is matched with the financing ability of its investment and financing mode. However, with the continuous development of expressway, the capital demand is increasing. The original financing mode can no longer meet the demand for funds in the existing highway construction. The sustained supply of funds is smaller than the demand for funds, which leads to the emergence of a funding gap. Although the government can use some economic means to make up for the fund gap temporarily, in the long run, if the investment and financing system is not fundamentally changed, it is very difficult to really solve the financing gap problem. This paper begins with the theory of expressway economy, defines the property of quasi-public goods of expressway at present, and introduces the positive correlation between expressway and economic development, the economic characteristics of expressway and its pricing theory. On the basis of carefully combing the history of expressway investment and financing system development and comprehensively analyzing the characteristics of expressway investment and financing mode content existing in our country at the present stage, By analyzing the present situation of investment and financing of expressway in our country, it is found that there are three problems in the present investment and financing system of our country, such as insufficient central financial investment, unreasonable investment and financing structure, and the increasing risk of investment and financing. And there is a certain causality between the three. It is very important to find out the solution. The author will draw lessons from the highway fund system of the United States, and put forward that the "highway fund system" should be applied to the construction of the expressway investment and financing mode in China, and the construction of the highway fund system will be suitable for the national conditions of China. The "highway fund system" with Chinese characteristics. The introduction of "highway fund system" can fundamentally change the irrational state of the current expressway investment and financing structure in China, respectively from the sources of funds. This paper adjusts the mode of investment and financing of expressway in our country from three aspects, such as the way of using and the function of guarantee. Finally, the author will construct the "highway fund system" as the main part. Other market-type investment and financing modes are supplemented by China's expressway investment and financing mode, and the matching compensation mechanism is boldly envisaged to perfect the whole expressway investment and financing system. In the expressway investment and financing mode constructed by the author, the "highway fund system" is regarded as the leading mode of financing mode to ensure the standardization and rationality of the use of construction funds. At the same time, the "highway fund system" will provide guarantee funds for other market-based investment and financing methods, enhance the confidence of private capital in expressway market-based investment and financing, and promote the vigorous development of market-based investment and financing methods.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F542;F832.4

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