高速铁路客运定价理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 21:33

本文关键词： 高速铁路客运票价　出处：《兰州交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：铁路客运在我国长途客运中占据了非常重要的地位，高速铁路是衡量一个国家铁路现代化程度的重要标志。列车运行速度的提高有利于提高铁路客运企业的服务水平和与其他运输方式的竞争能力。高速铁路是我国经济与社会发展到一定阶段时对铁路发展的必然要求，高速铁路客运更是与人民出行息息相关。在线路运营中最大的问题就是票价与运营速度的制定。在制定旅客票价时，若考虑到建设高铁时的巨大投资，这就要求票价不能太低，否则企业效益得不到保障;若考虑市场需求则就要求票价不能太高，否则超出人们群众的承受能力，客流量不足，企业的经济效益与社会效益也就没法实现，因而制定票价既不能过高也不能过低，应当在一个合适的范围内。列车提速关系到新建铁路或旧线路的改造、机车车辆技术水平的提高、管理水平的提高和安全等多项因素。高铁运营部门既要使运行速度面对其他运输方式更具有竞争力，又要保证线路安全，二者关系密切。在考虑了国外高铁的营销现状后，本文首先分析了传统的票价定价方法与影响因素，进行了国内铁路运营费用计算理论分析和现有运营费用计算方法的分析。然后剖析了高速铁路的各项经济特征，对高速铁路运输产品及运价特点做了概述，对既有铁路定价体系和高速铁路票价制定影响因素进行了分析。在对票价这一研究对象进行分析后，，又对不同的高铁运营速度目标值作用于运输成本的影响进行了分析。设计运营速度的不同对于对线路标准、工程设备、工程投资、机车车辆投资、固定资产基本折旧费、固定设备维修费、及行车量有关运营支出的影响是不同的，本文对此做了分析和评价。接着依据Wardrop均衡配流原理对多种运输方式进行了分析，在高铁运营企业希望效益最大化与旅客希望广义出行费用最低这一对矛盾之间，引入双层规划模型，最后使用微分进化算法来求解双层规划模型所提出的函数，这就为制订合理的运营票价提供了有效的方法。
[Abstract]:Railway passenger transport occupies a very important position in China's long-distance passenger transport. High speed railway is an important symbol to measure the degree of railway modernization in a country. The improvement of train speed is conducive to improving the service level of railway passenger transport enterprises and the competitiveness of other modes of transport. High speed railway is our country. The inevitable demand for railway development when economic and social development reaches a certain stage, High-speed railway passenger transport is also closely related to people's travel. The biggest problem in line operation is the determination of fares and operating speed. In determining passenger fares, if you take into account the huge investment in the construction of high-speed rail, this requires that fares should not be too low. Otherwise, the benefit of the enterprise cannot be guaranteed; if the market demand is taken into account, the ticket price must not be too high, otherwise, it is beyond the affordability of the people, the passenger flow is insufficient, and the economic and social benefits of the enterprise will not be realized. Therefore, the formulation of ticket prices should not be too high or too low, and should be within a suitable range. The speed increase of trains is related to the transformation of new railways or old lines, and the improvement of the technical level of locomotives and rolling stock. The operation department of high-speed railway should not only make the operation speed more competitive in the face of other modes of transportation, but also ensure the safety of the line, which is closely related to each other. After considering the current marketing situation of foreign high-speed rail, this paper first analyzes the traditional pricing methods and influencing factors. The theoretical analysis of domestic railway operating expenses and the analysis of existing operating cost calculation methods are carried out. Then, the economic characteristics of high-speed railway are analyzed, and the characteristics of high-speed railway transport products and freight rates are summarized. This paper analyzes the influence factors of the existing railway pricing system and the high speed railway fare. The influence of different target value of high-speed railway operation speed on transportation cost is analyzed. The difference of design operation speed is applied to line standard, engineering equipment, project investment, locomotive and rolling stock investment, basic depreciation cost of fixed assets. The influence of fixed equipment maintenance fee and traffic volume on operating expenses is different. This paper makes an analysis and evaluation of this. Then, according to the principle of Wardrop equilibrium flow allocation, the paper analyzes various transportation modes. In this paper, a bilevel programming model is introduced between the contradiction between the maximization of profit and the minimum travel cost of passengers. Finally, the function proposed by the bilevel programming model is solved by using differential evolutionary algorithm (DEA). This provides an effective method for formulating reasonable operating fares.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.5

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