正面争夺与错位发展——20世纪20年代英日两国在华航运网络研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 01:05

本文关键词： 航运网络世纪年代英国在华航运网络日本在华航运网络　出处：《中国经济史研究》2017年05期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文首先回顾了自近代开埠以来至20世纪20年代列强在中国航运业发展的历程,重点分析了20世纪20年代英日两国的航运网络:1.从航线的覆盖范围看,日本与上海以北的港口联系更为紧密,英国则与上海以南的港口更密切,在长江一线,英日两国虽都深入长江上游的重庆,但英国在长江挂靠的港口数量更多,日本集中在长三角发展内河航运,英国则在珠三角的内河航运上具有垄断地位。2.英国是以上海和香港为双中心的航运网络结构,日本则形成了以上海为单中心的航运网络结构。从三大航线看,两国的轮船公司都覆盖了最主要的港口,但在航线的内部结构中存在错位竞争的现象,英国航运网络中排名前十的航线大部分集中在上海以南的南洋航线,日本则集中在上海以北的北洋航线和日本内部航线。3.英日两国在华航运网络的结构和特征与地理因素、制度安排等有较大关系,两国的轮船公司都依托殖民地或势力范围拓展航路,日本通过"命令航线"对轮船公司的航线进行资助和统一安排,英国则通过轮船公司之间的协调进行分工和配合。从甲午战争之后,至20世纪20年代末,经过20多年的发展,英日航运网络之间形成了既正面争夺又错位发展的格局。
[Abstract]:This paper first reviews the history of the development of the foreign powers in China's shipping industry from the beginning of modern times to 1920s, and focuses on the analysis of the shipping network between Britain and Japan on 1920s. Japan is more closely linked to ports north of Shanghai, and Britain is closer to ports south of Shanghai. Along the Yangtze River, Britain and Japan both go deep into Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but Britain has more ports on the Yangtze River. Japan focuses on developing inland river shipping in the Yangtze River Delta, while the United Kingdom has a monopoly position on inland river shipping in the Pearl River Delta. 2. The United Kingdom is a shipping network structure with Shanghai and Hong Kong as its dual centers. Japan, on the other hand, has formed a network of shipping networks with Shanghai as its single center. From the perspective of the three major shipping routes, the shipping companies of both countries have covered the most important ports, but there is a phenomenon of dislocation and competition in the internal structure of the routes. Most of the top 10 routes in the British shipping network are in the South Ocean route south of Shanghai, while Japan is concentrated on the Beiyang route north of Shanghai and the internal Japanese route .3.The structure, characteristics and geographical factors of the British and Japanese shipping networks in China. The shipping companies of both countries rely on the colonial or sphere of influence to expand their routes. Japan subsidizes and unifies the shipping lines of the shipping companies through "ordered routes." From the Sino-Japanese War to the end of 1920s, after more than 20 years of development, Britain and Japan formed a pattern of both positive competition and dislocation of the development of shipping networks.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学中国现代城市研究中心/城市与区域科学学院;山东师范大学历史与社会发展学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“一带一路沿线城市网络与中国战略支点布局研究”(批准号:16ZDA016);国家社科基金重大项目“中国旧海关内部出版物整理与研究”(批准号:11&ZD092) 国家自然科学基金面上项目“流动空间重塑下的东亚集装箱港口航运网络研究”(批准号:41371140)阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：F552.9

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