我国高速铁路快捷货物运输定价研究

发布时间：2018-03-12 14:02

本文选题：高速铁路　切入点：快捷货运　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来我国高速铁路建设步伐加快,已覆盖我国主要城市。然而铁路传统货运发展却遭遇瓶颈,我国铁路货运量和周转量已连续五年下滑,在国内大宗商品价格低迷,产业结构调整的背景下,我国铁路货运模式也面临改革,将现有高速铁路网与快捷货物运输相结合就成为了适应经济新常态的必然选择。与传统铁路货运模式不同,高速铁路参与货运以其时效性、快捷性、运能有限性等因素制约,使得现行铁路货运的成本加成定价模型难于应用。因此需要根据高铁快运这一全新货物运输模式制定相应的动态定价模型,合理分析成本构成,考虑市场竞争以及与其他货运方式之间的比价关系,使运输部门收益最大化。文章对高铁快运产业进行了分析,比较国内外高铁货运组织模式以及定价方法,同时参考航空、公路快运浮动定价模式。在此基础上对高铁货运供给能力以及快捷货物运输需求增长情况展开讨论。本文综合考虑高铁货运价格影响因素、定价方式特殊性以及成本复杂性,对高铁快运进行作业成本分解,建立运量、运价与运输里程为自变量的成本收益定价模型,并分析运量与运输里程对盈亏平衡点的影响。本文通过Beckmann交通平衡分配模型,迭代得出运价平衡解,讨论多种运输方式市场竞争条件下高铁快运价格。本文从运输企业成本以及市场竞争两个角度出发,解决了现行定价模式的缺陷,建立成本导向型与竞争导向型高铁快捷货物运输动态运价模型。利用MATLAB仿真,得到高铁快运在600-1500千米的货运优势区间,以武广高铁开行快捷货运确认车为例,通过敏感性分析得到该区段动态竞争中高铁快运货运分担量以及与航空、公路的比价关系。本文借鉴航空货运价格管理模式,设计针对不同类型客户的销售定价工具并预测了高铁快运未来发展路径,为铁路总公司制定高铁货运价格和容量控制的策略提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the pace of high-speed railway construction in China has been accelerated, which has covered the major cities of China. However, the development of traditional railway freight has encountered a bottleneck. The volume and turnover of railway freight in China have declined for five consecutive years, and the domestic commodity prices are low. Under the background of industrial structure adjustment, China's railway freight transport mode is also facing reform. Combining the existing high-speed railway network with fast freight transport has become the inevitable choice to adapt to the new normal of economy, which is different from the traditional railway freight transport mode. The participation of high-speed railway in freight transportation is restricted by such factors as timeliness, rapidity, limited capacity, etc. It is difficult to apply the current cost addition pricing model of railway freight, so it is necessary to make a corresponding dynamic pricing model according to the new freight transport mode of high-speed rail express, and analyze the cost structure reasonably. Considering the market competition and the price comparison relationship with other freight modes, this paper maximizes the revenue of the transport sector. This paper analyzes the high-speed rail express transport industry, compares the organization mode and pricing methods of high-speed rail transport at home and abroad, and at the same time refers to the aviation. Based on the floating pricing model of highway express transportation, this paper discusses the supply capacity of high-speed rail freight and the increasing demand of express freight transportation. This paper comprehensively considers the influence factors of high-speed rail freight price, the particularity of pricing mode and the complexity of cost. Based on the activity-based cost decomposition of high-speed rail express, a cost-benefit pricing model with independent variables of volume, freight rate and mileage is established, and the influence of volume and mileage on break-even point is analyzed. In this paper, the Beckmann traffic equilibrium distribution model is adopted. The equilibrium solution of freight rate is obtained iteratively, and the price of high-speed express transportation under the condition of market competition of various modes of transportation is discussed. This paper solves the defects of the current pricing model from the angle of transportation enterprise cost and market competition. The dynamic freight rate model of cost oriented and competitive oriented high-speed rail express transportation is established. By using MATLAB simulation, we get the superior freight range of 600-1500 km for high-speed rail express. Take Wuguang High Speed Rail Express Express Freight Transport confirmation vehicle as an example. Through sensitivity analysis, the paper obtains the freight share of high-speed express transportation and the price comparison relationship with aviation and highway in the dynamic competition of this section. This paper draws lessons from the model of air freight price management. The paper designs the sales pricing tools for different customers and predicts the future development path of high-speed rail express, which provides the theoretical basis for the railway corporation to formulate the strategy of high speed rail freight price and capacity control.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F532;F259.2

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