美国铁路货运行业产出效率分析

发布时间：2018-03-16 06:35

本文选题：铁路货物运输　切入点：投入产出　出处：《华东交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自美国第一条铁路的诞生以来，铁路行业便在全美社会发展中以不可替代的历史地位存在着，尽管在这一百多年的时间里经历了各种高低起伏，然而自1980年以来美国铁路效率稳步提升，成为当今全球最安全有效的铁路货运系统，其成长历程和个中缘由值得深究。全文在此问题的基础上进一步延伸，将可能出现的经济因素纳入研究范围，并提出三个问题：美国铁路行业这样高速且可持续的增长的是哪些要素起了作用？技术和规模能否带来的管理成本的下降和运营效率的提升？投资的重心在哪里更为合理？出对以上问题的解释，通过对国内外研究成果加以梳理，选取2003至2012年美国铁路货运行业一级铁路的数据进行分析，并依据理论基础所提出的假设进行实证检验。最终得出如下结论：作为问题一的回答，发现一部分要素的投入与企业投资水平之间存在着显著的正相关性。美国铁路货运公司在成本控制和市场拓展等方面，达到了较高的水平，对于全行业的收入水平的提高，具有推动作用。作为问题二的回答，在投资效率层面，铁路基础设施投入与铁路运营规模效益存在着显著的正相关性，也就是说，对铁路基础设施建设的改造投入，有利于维持并扩大其运营规模并产生相应的效益。作为问题三的回答，合理优化资源配置，尤其是移动设备的配置，有助于技术效率的提高，根据货运作业效率、经济效益、以及社会效益的标准，既符合企业经济效益的实现，又满足社会对于公共服务的需求。基于以上结论，文章试图对国内铁路货运市场的规范性和企业投资决策的效率性提出建议，，希望能为企业和资本市场健康有序的发展做出贡献。尤其是借助对美国为代表的发达国家铁路运营和基础设施维护状况的研究，就投入产出效率方面进行深入分析，为我国铁路行业尤其是铁路货运行业提供参考与借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the first railroad in the United States, the railway industry has existed as an irreplaceable historical position in the development of American society, although it has experienced various ups and downs in the past 100 years. However, since 1980, US railway efficiency has steadily improved, becoming the safest and most effective rail freight system in the world today. Bring possible economic factors to the scope of the study and ask three questions: what are the factors that have contributed to such rapid and sustainable growth in the US railway industry? Can technology and scale lead to lower management costs and higher operational efficiency? Where is the focus of investment more reasonable? To explain the above problems, through combing the domestic and foreign research results, select 2003 to 2012, the U. S. Railway Freight Industry Class I railway data for analysis, And according to the theoretical basis of the hypothesis for empirical testing. Finally, the following conclusions:. As an answer to question 1, it is found that there is a significant positive correlation between the input of some elements and the level of enterprise investment. American railway freight companies have reached a higher level in terms of cost control and market expansion. To the whole industry's income level enhancement, has the promotion function. As the answer to question 2, at the level of investment efficiency, there is a significant positive correlation between the investment in railway infrastructure and the scale benefit of railway operation, that is, the investment in the reconstruction of railway infrastructure. It is advantageous to maintain and expand its operation scale and produce corresponding benefits. As an answer to question 3, reasonable optimization of resource allocation, especially the allocation of mobile devices, will contribute to the improvement of technical efficiency, according to the standards of efficiency, economic benefits, and social benefits of freight transport. It is not only in line with the realization of economic benefits of enterprises, but also meet the needs of public services. Based on the above conclusions, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on the standardization of domestic railway freight market and the efficiency of enterprises' investment decisions. Hoping to contribute to the healthy and orderly development of enterprises and capital markets. In particular, with the help of a study on railway operation and infrastructure maintenance in developed countries represented by the United States, the paper makes an in-depth analysis of input-output efficiency. It provides reference for our railway industry, especially for railway freight industry.
【学位授予单位】：华东交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F537.12

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