1644-1949年中国粮食生产与运输格局变迁初探

发布时间：2018-03-18 19:10

本文选题：粮食供需　切入点：粮食运输　出处：《资源科学》2014年11期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：从粮食生产、粮食供需和粮食运输变化等角度,采用对比分析、交互引证等方法,分析1644-1949年(清朝和民国时期)中国粮食生产能力和粮食运输格局的变迁过程,得到以下主要结论:1清代,粮食富余区主要是湘、鄂、赣、皖,粮食不足区主要是闽及粤琼地区。清中后期,川渝和东北地区由粮食自足区变成粮食富余区,同时,苏、浙、京津冀、豫、鲁等成为粮食不足区;民国时期,粮食不足区进一步扩大,而皖、赣、湘、桂和东北地区是主要的粮食富余区;2清代粮食运销以水运为主,陆运为辅,粮食流通主要从经济欠发达地区流向东南沿海经济发达地区。民国时期,川渝不再作为粮食输出省份,皖及东北地区成为主要供应地,鄂成为重要的粮食中转省份。同时粮食运销方式发生显著变化,北方粮食运输形成了铁路和海运相结合的运输网络;南方依然以水运为主,但受到铁路运输和进口粮食的冲击;3经济科技发展、人口增长和变迁、漕运衰落是促使粮食运输格局发生变化的主要因素;4铁路和轮船等新式交通运输工具极大地便利了粮食运输,促进了粮食的商品化,与此同时,新的粮食运输网络带动了沿线城镇经济发展。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of grain production, grain supply and demand and grain transportation, the paper analyzes the changing process of China's grain production capacity and grain transportation pattern from 1644-1949 (Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China) by means of comparative analysis and cross-citation. The main conclusions are as follows: in the Qing Dynasty, the grain surplus areas were mainly Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, and the grain deficient areas were mainly Fujian and Guangdong and Hainan. In the middle and late Qing Dynasty, the grain self-sufficient areas in Sichuan, Chongqing and Northeast China became grain surplus areas, and at the same time, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, In the period of the Republic of China, the grain shortage areas were further expanded, while Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi and Northeast China were the main grain surplus areas in the Qing Dynasty. Grain circulation mainly flows from underdeveloped areas to economically developed areas along the southeast coast. During the period of the Republic of China, Sichuan and Chongqing ceased to be grain exporting provinces, and Anhui and Northeast regions became the main supply places. Hubei became an important province of grain transit. At the same time, the mode of grain transportation and distribution changed dramatically. The transportation of grain in the north formed a transportation network of railway and sea transportation; in the south, water transportation was still the main mode. However, affected by the impact of railway transportation and imported grain, the economic and technological development, population growth and changes, The decline of water transportation was the main factor that promoted the change of grain transportation pattern. The new means of transportation, such as railways and ships, greatly facilitated grain transportation and promoted the commercialization of grain, while at the same time, The new grain transportation network has driven the economic development of cities and towns along the route.
【作者单位】：南京大学地理与海洋科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41340016) 国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(编号:2011CB952001)
【分类号】：F326.11;F512

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