通勤与偷懒:交通时间影响工作效果的现场追踪研究

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:06

本文选题：通勤时间　切入点：失业概率　出处：《财经研究》2017年08期

【摘要】：在城市化过程中,交通拥堵成为饱受关注的大问题。国内外大量文献证实了通勤时间增加会降低个体的工作效率,带来更多的偷懒行为。然而,这些研究几乎都是基于横截面分析或静态分析。而文章则着眼于个体和企业之间动态博弈的长期均衡,证明了通勤时间增加在长期内会减少公司内偷懒者的总体数量或降低偷懒行为的总体水平。这是因为,通勤时间的增加会使偷懒者的效用损失更大,在长期内会提高偷懒者的失业概率,于是,在均衡时,公司的总体偷懒水平被"倒逼"到更低的水平上,进而企业和城市整体的效率水平得以提升。文章通过对典型工厂的现场追踪收集数据,并在此基础上进行了计量分析,研究结果证实了上述结论。文章的结论对中国的城市布局及其交通配置提供了如下政策启示:城市集聚过程中的交通高度密集在长期内有利于城市整体效率的提升。在城市化的过程中,城市管理者无需单纯缩短居民的通勤时间,而是要保持交通体系的适度密集,发挥城市密度经济的整体效率和动态最优。
[Abstract]:In the process of urbanization, traffic congestion has become a major concern. A large number of documents at home and abroad have confirmed that increased commuting time will reduce individual productivity and lead to more lazy behavior. Almost all of these studies are based on cross-sectional analysis or static analysis, while the article focuses on the long-term equilibrium of dynamic game between individual and enterprise. This proves that an increase in commuting time in the long run reduces the overall number of lazy people in the company or the overall level of lazy behavior. This is because the increase in commuting time results in greater utility losses for lazy people. In the long run, it increases the probability that lazy people will lose their jobs, so, at equilibrium, the company's overall level of laziness is "pushed down" to a lower level. Then the efficiency level of the enterprise and the city as a whole can be improved. The paper collects the data through the field tracing of the typical factory, and on this basis carries on the metrological analysis. The results of the study confirm the above conclusions. The conclusions of this paper provide the following policy implications for China's urban layout and traffic allocation: in the long run, the high density of traffic in the process of urban agglomeration is beneficial to the overall efficiency of the city. In the process of urbanization, City managers do not need to simply shorten the commuting time of residents, but to maintain the moderate density of the traffic system and give play to the overall efficiency and dynamic optimization of urban density economy.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院财经战略研究院;中共中央党校经济学部;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目(14BGL183)
【分类号】：F272.92;F572

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