基于收益管理的客运专线差别定价和存量控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 08:32

本文选题：客运专线　切入点：收益管理　出处：《西南交通大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,铁路客运专线发展迅速,客运专线网络正在逐步完善,铁路旅行的快速性有了较大提高。然而在投入巨资建设客运专线之后,客运专线的上座率反而不高,未能发挥出应有的运输能力。在航空运输和公路运输的竞争下,铁路客运专线定价策略未能跟上运输市场的发展,不能体现市场需求,使得客运专线的优势发挥受到限制。本文旨在通过将收益管理理论引入到客运专线旅客运输中来,通过对旅客需求进行细分,采用多等级票价实行差别定价来满足不同价格需求的旅客,通过座位存量嵌套控制的方法确定各价格等级的售票数量,从而实现总收益的增加。文章首先介绍了国内外关于铁路客票定价和收益管理方面的研究进行了总结,指出文章的研究方向。其次,讲述了收益管理的产生和发展以及其应用条件,在此基础上论述我国客运专线客运产品使用收益管理的适用性。然后介绍差别定价与铁路市场细分原则,结合国外客运专线进行差别定价的成功经验,给出我国客运专线可进行差别定价的方向。再次,文章按从简到繁的顺序论述了单区间两票价等级存量控制、单区间多票价等级存量控制、多区间存量控制。列举了目前常用的网络存量控制方法,并分析了各种方法的不足。在引入了影子价格理论之后对EMSR方法进行调整并建立了多区间多票价等级的嵌套控制模型。并通过一个算例,验证了该方法的有效性,并根据计算过程和结果进行解释。最后考虑到票价的制定应该跟旅客需求量和座位存量有关,并依据铁路票价递远递减等原则,建立了差别定价和存量控制的联合模型,并利用Matlab工具箱编程求解。这一模型不仅能够在销售过程中给出各等级票价的预定限制和保留水平,并且可以给出在不同时间各种车票的价格,具有较强的实际意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of railway passenger dedicated lines, the network of passenger dedicated lines is being gradually improved, and the speed of railway travel has been greatly improved.However, after the huge investment in the construction of passenger dedicated line, the passenger dedicated line's attendance rate is not high, and it fails to give full play to its proper transportation capacity.Under the competition of air transportation and road transportation, the pricing strategy of railway passenger dedicated line can not keep up with the development of transportation market, can not reflect the market demand, so the advantages of passenger dedicated line are restricted.The purpose of this paper is to introduce the theory of revenue management into passenger transport of passenger dedicated lines, to subdivide passenger demand, and to adopt multi-grade fares to carry out differential pricing to meet the needs of passengers with different prices.The ticket quantity of each price grade is determined by nested control of seat stock, and the total income is increased.This paper first introduces the domestic and foreign research on railway ticket pricing and revenue management, and points out the research direction.Secondly, it describes the emergence and development of revenue management and its application conditions, and on this basis discusses the applicability of revenue management of passenger transport products of passenger dedicated lines in China.Then the differential pricing and the principle of railway market segmentation are introduced. Combined with the successful experience of foreign passenger dedicated lines, the direction of differential pricing for passenger dedicated lines in China is given.Thirdly, in the order of simplicity to complexity, this paper discusses the stock control of single interval, single interval, multi-class and multi-interval.This paper enumerates the commonly used network stock control methods, and analyzes the shortcomings of various methods.After introducing the shadow price theory, the EMSR method is adjusted and the nested control model of multi-interval and multi-fare levels is established.An example is given to verify the effectiveness of the method and to explain it according to the calculation process and results.Finally, considering that the pricing should be related to passenger demand and seat stock, a combined model of differential pricing and stock control is established according to the principle of railway fare decline, and the model is solved by Matlab toolbox.This model can not only give the reservation and reservation level of ticket price in the process of sale, but also give the price of ticket at different time, which is of great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F532.5

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