北京市出租车行业管制问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 13:46

本文选题：北京市　切入点：出租车市场　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，对于出租车行业内部存在的问题成为各方议论的焦点，各地频繁的出租车罢运事件、司机的低收入与出租车公司的高额份子钱、非正规出租车充斥市场以及高峰时段和雨雪天气打车难，都成为舆论和广大民众议论的焦点。对于如何破解这些问题，各地都采取了相应的措施，如对出租车起步价的调整、增加打车的燃油附加费以及对出租车司机给予燃油补贴等等，然而效果似乎并不显著。而北京作为首都城市，尤其受到关注。 2013年初，中央电视台新闻联播节目和焦点访谈栏目相继对北京市出租车行业存在的问题进行了报道，同时也对产生问题的原因进行了分析，，似乎根源在于行业垄断，如何破除垄断才是解决问题的关键。观点虽然正确，但并不全面。出租车行业问题的产生并不是短时间积累所致，而是经过了建国初期到改革开放，再到现今为止长时间所积淀下来的。因此，要解决这一长期遗留下来的问题，不仅要从现存的问题入手，还要搞清楚问题的根源，不仅要治标，还要治本。2013年的5月23日，北京市发改委举办了出租车调价听证会，认为出租车行业主要存在两个问题：第一，出租车服务能力不能满足城市发展需要。第二，出租车行业对驾驶员的吸引力下降。而后政府公布了涨价的方案，方案虽然短时间内改善了出租车司机的低收入状况，但是对消费者而言是否合理却有待探讨。同时，对于广被声讨的出租车公司高额份子钱问题却没有出台相关解决方案，着实令司机及消费者费解。随着国家大力发展市场经济，北京市出租车行业也迅速发展起来，但是数量的快速增长对市场的正常运行产生了影响，为此，政府管理部门开始介入出租车行业的经营管理。管制主要有四个方面，即数量管制、质量管制、价格管制以及准入管制。伴随着数量管制政策的引入，政府又加大了推行公司制的步伐，逐步通过各种行政政策使经营牌照归属到出租车公司名下。但也正是由于政府管制措施实施的不合理，才产生了现阶段北京市出租车行业的各种问题。本文将结合规制经济学相关理论，针对北京市政府对出租车行业的管制进行研究，分析管制的产生原因以及效果，同时对效果不理想的措施提出相关整改意见。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems existing in the taxi industry have become the focus of discussion from all sides. Frequent taxi strike incidents, drivers' low income and the high cost of taxi companies have become the focus of discussion.Informal taxi flooding the market, as well as rush hours and rain and snow weather taxi hailing, have become the focus of public opinion and the general public.Some measures have been taken to solve these problems, such as adjusting the starting price of taxi, increasing the fuel surcharge of taxi and giving fuel subsidy to taxi driver. However, the effect is not obvious.Beijing, as the capital city, is especially concerned.At the beginning of 2013, CCTV news joint broadcast programs and focus interview columns reported on the problems existing in the taxi industry in Beijing one after another. At the same time, they also analyzed the causes of the problems. It seems that the root cause of the problems lies in the monopoly of the industry.How to break down monopoly is the key to solve the problem.The view, though correct, is not comprehensive.The problem of taxi industry is not caused by the accumulation of short time, but by the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the reform and opening up, and now the accumulation of a long time.Therefore, in order to solve this long-standing problem, we must not only start with the existing problems, but also find out the root causes, not only the symptoms, but also the root causes. On May 23, 2013, the Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission held a taxi fare adjustment hearing.There are two main problems in taxi industry: first, taxi service capacity can not meet the needs of urban development.Second, the taxi industry is less attractive to drivers.The government then announced a plan to raise prices, which would improve taxi drivers' low incomes in a short period of time, but whether it would be reasonable for consumers to do so remains to be seen.At the same time, drivers and consumers have been baffled by the lack of a solution to the problem of highly professed taxi companies.With the great development of the market economy, the taxi industry in Beijing has developed rapidly, but the rapid growth of the number has had an impact on the normal operation of the market. Therefore, the government management department has begun to intervene in the management of the taxi industry.There are four main aspects of regulation, namely quantity control, quality control, price control and access control.With the introduction of quantity control policy, the government has stepped up the pace of the implementation of the corporate system, gradually through a variety of administrative policies to make the business license to the name of the taxi company.However, it is because of the unreasonable implementation of government control measures that the problems of the taxi industry in Beijing at the present stage have arisen.Based on the relevant theories of regulation economics, this paper studies the regulation of taxi industry by Beijing government, analyzes the reasons and effects of regulation, and puts forward some suggestions on the measures which are not satisfactory.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F572.6

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