我国出租车经营管理体制改革法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 05:51

本文选题：政府特许经营 + 公用事业　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国将出租车行业定位为公用事业,采用政府管制的方法,以政府特许经营为基本管制手段,从而实现对出租车经营的管制,如控制出租车准入数量、提高出租车服务标准,其根本目的是实现资源的优化配置。但是我国出租车经营管理体制中也存在诸多问题,亟待改革,主要表现为政府特许经营管理体制使政府手中掌握的权力过大,导致政府管制异化为行政垄断,使管理者与出租车企业结成利益同盟；单一化的经营模式导致出租车司机只能接受出租车企业的盘剥,极易产生罢运现象；严格的政府管制使得进入市场经营的出租车数量受到极大的限制,拒载现象和打车难的现象较为普遍。加快出租车经营管理体制改革,目的是解决出租车经营中政府权力配置过大、利益配置失衡和资源配置低效等一系列问题,最终目的是保障消费者利益。我国一些城市已经开展了出租车经营管理体制的改革,但是收效甚微,其根本原因是政府在出租车经营管理体制的运行中放权不够,导致出租车经营管理体制中的基本矛盾依然存在。从域外出租车经营管理体制的比较来看,域外一般采用多元化的经营管理体制,以实现各方利益的平衡,政府对出租车行业的管制是域外出租车经营管理体制的核心内容,但是其程度相对较松,出租车司机可以选择不同的经营业态以满足其选择权,并保护其合法权益。公众参与、民主监督等也可以使域外出租车经营管理体制能够受到有效监督,避免政府在出租车经营管理体制中以不合理的管制手段维持其部门利益。我国在出租车经营.管理体制改革中可以参考借鉴域外出租车经营管理体制中的成功经验,在出租车经营管理体制改革中借鉴域外做法。在我国出租车经营管理体制在具体的改革措施中,可以保留现有的政府特许经营管理体制,但是应加快推动如下改革措施：第一,应采用多元化的经营方式,允许个体化经营与公司化经营并存,从而打破出租车公司对出租车经营市场的垄断,避免政府部门与出租车公司结成利益同盟；第二,政府在特许经’营牌照发放的过程中应以公众参与、民主监督等方式削除部门利益,出租车市场准入的数量、服务的质量、出租车服务的费用等均应以行政听证的方式付诸公议；第三,政府对出租车行业的管理应以间接管理为主,发挥出租车协会对出租车市场的管理。相信通过这些措施,能够有效地革除我国出租车经营管理体制中的痼疾,最终实现各方利益的调和。
[Abstract]:In our country, the taxi industry is defined as a public utility, and the method of government regulation is adopted, and the government franchise is taken as the basic means of control, so as to realize the regulation of taxi operation, such as controlling the number of taxi admission and raising the taxi service standard. Its fundamental purpose is to achieve the optimal allocation of resources. However, there are many problems in the management system of taxi management in our country, which need to be reformed urgently. The main manifestation is that the government has too much power in the hands of the government because of the franchise management system, which leads to the alienation of the government control into an administrative monopoly. Make managers and taxi enterprises form an alliance of interests, the single management mode leads to taxi drivers can only accept the exploitation of taxi enterprises, easy to produce the phenomenon of strike; Strict government control limits the number of taxis entering the market. The purpose of speeding up the reform of taxi management system is to solve a series of problems, such as excessive allocation of government power, imbalance of benefit allocation and inefficient allocation of resources, etc. The ultimate purpose is to protect the interests of consumers. Some cities in our country have carried out the reform of the taxi management system, but the effect has been very little. The fundamental reason is that the government has not delegated power enough in the operation of the taxi management system. Leading to the taxi management system in the basic contradictions still exist. From the comparison of the overseas taxi operation and management system, the foreign countries generally adopt the diversified management system to achieve the balance of the interests of all parties. The government regulation of the taxi industry is the core content of the extraterritorial taxi management system. But the degree is relatively loose, taxi drivers can choose different business to meet their options and protect their legitimate rights and interests. Public participation, democratic supervision and so on can also make the taxi management system in foreign countries be subject to effective supervision, and avoid the government maintaining its departmental interests by unreasonable means of control in the taxi operation and management system. Our country operates in taxis. In the reform of management system, we can refer to the successful experience in the management system of taxi outside the country, and draw lessons from the overseas practice in the reform of the management system of taxi operation and management. In China's taxi management system, we can retain the existing government franchise management system in the specific reform measures, but we should speed up the following reform measures: first, we should adopt a diversified mode of operation. To allow the coexistence of individualized operation and corporatization, thus breaking the monopoly of taxi companies on the taxi business market and avoiding the formation of interest alliances between government departments and taxi companies; second, In the process of granting the licence, the government should remove the interests of the sector, the quantity of taxi market access and the quality of service by means of public participation, democratic supervision, etc. The cost of taxi service should be discussed in the form of administrative hearing. Third, the management of taxi industry by the government should be based on indirect management and give play to the management of taxi market by taxi association. It is believed that through these measures, we can effectively eliminate the chronic malady in the taxi management system of our country, and finally realize the reconciliation of the interests of all parties.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F572

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