基于不同出行行为的城市道路拥挤收费问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 05:13

本文选题：出行行为 + 路径选择　；参考：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：随着私人小汽车需求量和拥有量的迅速增长,单纯依靠扩建交通运输设施已经无法满足日益增长的交通需求,而交通需求管理技术在调节用户的出行行为、缓解拥挤方面发挥了重要的作用,例如鼓励选择公共交通出行、限号出行、拥挤收费等措施。其中,拥挤收费能够改变用户出行的成本,这不仅诱导更多的用户选择公共交通,还能改变用户的路径选择行为和出发时间安排。为了更有效地利用供给资源,结合出行者的选择行为及拥挤收费问题,本文主要进行了如下研究。 (1)考虑两种路径选择方式的城市交通拥挤收费政策研究。本文分析了两种路径选择方式,一种是基于用户平衡条件的路径选择方式,而另一种是基于路径距离最短的路径选择方式。在固定需求下,考虑这两种出行路径选择方式,本文分析了不同拥挤收费政策,包括无拥挤收费政策、最优拥挤收费政策和次优拥挤收费政策,并分析了两种用户类型所占比例不同时对系统总出行时间的影响。 (2)考虑路段拥挤度的城市交通拥挤收费政策研究。本文建立了一个拥挤度均衡模型,即基于路段拥挤度,以路网中各个路段的拥挤度均衡分布为目标,通过收费调节出行者的路径选择行为,使他们选择不拥挤的路段,最终达到路网中各个路段的拥挤程度相等或者相近。最后,利用一个算例进行了验证分析。 (3)考虑双模式选择的拥挤收费和公交补贴问题研究。用户出行首先要选择使用的交通工具,文中重点考虑了私家车和公交车两种主要的交通模式。从社会的角度出发,以最小化系统用户和公交企业的总成本为目标,以私家车拥挤收费及公交补贴为背景,考虑了在Logit随机用户均衡条件下的出行方式选择问题。拥挤收费不但可以用来调节出行者的出行成本,而且其所收取的费用还会补贴公交企业,使公交企业不至于亏损。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: with the rapid growth of private car demand and ownership, it is no longer possible to meet the increasing traffic demand simply by expanding the transportation facilities, while the traffic demand management technology is regulating the travel behavior of users. Congestion alleviation plays an important role, such as encouraging the choice of public transport travel, limited travel, congestion charges and other measures. Congestion charges can not only induce more users to choose public transportation, but also change the behavior of route selection and departure schedule. In order to make more effective use of supply resources, combined with traveler's choice behavior and congestion charge, this paper mainly studies as follows. 1) the study of urban traffic congestion pricing policy considering two ways of route selection. This paper analyzes two ways of path selection, one is based on the user balance condition, the other is based on the shortest path distance. Under the fixed demand, considering the two modes of route selection, this paper analyzes the different congestion pricing policies, including the no-congestion pricing policy, the optimal congestion pricing policy and the sub-optimal congestion pricing policy. The influence of different proportion of two user types on the total travel time of the system is analyzed. Second, the study of urban traffic congestion toll policy considering road congestion. In this paper, a congestion equilibrium model is established, that is, based on the congestion degree, the congestion equilibrium distribution of each section of the road network is taken as the goal, and the path selection behavior of the travelers is adjusted by charging fees to make them choose the uncrowded road sections. Finally, the degree of congestion in each section of the road network is equal or similar. Finally, a numerical example is used to verify the analysis. (3) A study on congestion pricing and bus subsidy considering double mode selection. In this paper, two main modes of transportation, private cars and buses, are considered. From the social point of view, aiming at minimizing the total cost of system users and public transport enterprises, taking private car congestion charges and bus subsidies as the background, this paper considers the choice of travel modes under the condition of Logit stochastic user equilibrium. Congestion charges can be used not only to regulate the travel costs of travelers, but also to subsidize public transport enterprises, so that public transport enterprises do not lose money.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F572;U491.265

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